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Greek Life & Lit > other > Flashcards

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1
Q

Praxiteles

A

made Hermes and the infant Dionysus, Aphrodite of Cnidus, first to depict a nude woman, high classical artist
around 364 BC

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2
Q

Deipnon

A

dinner, evening meal

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3
Q

Noumenia

A

celebrates the new moon

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4
Q

ariston

A

lunch, one of the firsts meals of the day, eaten around noon

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5
Q

Athenaeus: Deipnosophists

A

describes the meal habits of the Greeks

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6
Q

akratisma

A

early meal, breakfast

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7
Q

hesperisma

A

evening meal before the deipnon

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8
Q

chrysippus of Soli

A

second founder of Stoicism

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9
Q

Stoicism

A

destructive emotions resulted from errors in judgment, the active relationship between cosmic determinism and human freedom, the belief that it is virtuous to maintain a will (prohairesis) that is in accord with nature. a way of life, and the best indication was not what a person said but how that person behaved.To live a good life, one had to understand the rules of the natural order since they taught that everything was rooted in nature .painted porch

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10
Q

prohairesis

A

a will

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11
Q

arete

A

moral virtue, excellence of any kind

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12
Q

hybris

A

actions that shamed and humiliated the victim for the pleasure or gratification of the abuser, excessive pride, violent behavior

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13
Q

catharsis

A

the purification and purgation of emotions especially pity and fear through art or play; any extreme change in emotion that results in renewal and restoration

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14
Q

tragoedia

A

a drama about the misfortunes of heroes,” literally “goat song,” from tragos “goat” and aeidein “to sing”

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15
Q

chryselephantine

A

overlaid with gold and ivory

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16
Q

barbiton

A

a stringed musical instrument similar to a lyre

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17
Q

keramos

A

clay

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18
Q

kerameikos

A

pottery

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19
Q

proto-geometric style

A

1000 BC- 900BC

mostly stripes with different weights

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20
Q

geometric style

A

900 BC-625BC

mostly geometric shapes and patterns

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21
Q

orientalizing style

A

625 BC-600BC

influences of the east

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22
Q

black figure pottery

A

600BC-500BC

black figures

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23
Q

Exikias

A

greatest black figure pottery maker; Ajax and Achilles playing a board game during the Trojan War

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24
Q

Sophilos

A

first to sign his vase; black figure pottery

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25
Q

Andokides Painter

A

invents the Red figure pottery

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26
Q

red figure pottery

A

500BC

painted with red figures

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27
Q

kerameus

A

potterer

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28
Q

oinochoai

A

large jugs for pouring wine

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29
Q

hydra

A

three handles, holds water

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30
Q

skyphoi

A

deep bowls

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31
Q

Maeander

A

the greek labyrinth key pattern

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32
Q

where did black figure painting originate

A

cornith

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33
Q

where was black figure painting the best and most prolific

A

attica

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34
Q

how were the figures in black figure painting depicted

A

The finest figures are given grace and poise and often illustrated in the moments before actual movement or resting after exertion.

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35
Q

Francois Vase

A

large volute krater made by Ergotimos and painted by Kleitas (570-565 BCE); 66cm high (26 inches) and covered in 270 human and animal figures depicting a wide range of scenes and characters from Greek mythology.

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36
Q

pyxides

A

small lidded box

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37
Q

where did the Orientializing style originate

A

in cornith

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38
Q

characteristics of red figure painting

A

perspective, the overlapping of figures, and the depiction of everyday life such as education and sporting scenes

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39
Q

odos

A

threshold, road, journey

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40
Q

dinos

A

mixing bowl

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41
Q

thorax

A

breastplate

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42
Q

hoplites

A

armored foot soldiers

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43
Q

phalanx

A

a massed shield wall

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44
Q

Panoply

A

complete suit of armor

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45
Q

psiloi or peltasts

A

fast, mobile skirmishing troops that were usually the poorer soldiers

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46
Q

What were weapons usually constructed from

A

from iron, wood and bronze

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47
Q

muscle cuirass/anatomical cuirass/heroic cuirass

A

type of body armor cast to fit the wearer’s torso and designed to mimic an idealized human physique. It first appears in late Archaic Greece

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48
Q

doru/dory

A

The primary weapon used by Greek troops;two-to-three meter spear with a leaf-shaped blade at one end and a short spike at the other

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49
Q

xyston

A

thinner spear; Mounted cavalry used a thinner spear or very long lance. had an advantage over shorter ranged spears

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50
Q

sarrisae

A

hoplites were equipped with extremely long spears (up to 21 feet) under Philip II of Macedon

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51
Q

xiphos

A

short sword, secondary weopon

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52
Q

kopis

A

a heavier, curved sword that Hoplites mounted on horseback likely used, meant “chopper”

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53
Q

toxa

A

bow

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54
Q

akontia

A

javelin

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55
Q

sfendonai

A

sling

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56
Q

amentum/ankule

A

a leather strap attached to a javelin used in ancient Greek athletics, hunting, and warfare, which helped to increase the range and the stability of the javelin in flight

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57
Q

Plumbatae or martiobarbuli

A

were lead-weighted darts carried by infantrymen in Antiquity

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58
Q

atlatl

A

spear thrower

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59
Q

linothorax

A

were made of linen glued in layers with animal fat, and eventually adopted by many armies, including Alexander of Macedon.

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60
Q

Pteruges/pteryges

A

refers to the decorative skirt of leather or fabric strips worn around the waists of Roman and Greek warriors and soldiers; meaning feathers

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61
Q

chitoniskos

A

Sleeveless tunics

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62
Q

greave

A

a piece of armor that protects the leg.

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63
Q

hoplon

A

a large, round shield commonly made from a layer of bronze, wood and leather.

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64
Q

Corinthian helmet

A

developed around 600BC, covered the entire head and neck, with slits for the eyes and mouth.

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65
Q

Phrygian/Thracian helmet

A

helmets with a high and forward inclined apex, in which it resembles the caps (usually of leather) habitually worn by Phrygian and Thracian peoples.

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66
Q

Chalcidian helmet

A

a development of the Corinthian helmet, its improvements in design giving the wearer better hearing and vision, resulting in a lighter and less bulky helmet.

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67
Q

Boeotian helmet

A

cavalry helmet, open, allowing good peripheral vision and unimpaired hearing. had a domed skull surrounded by a wide, flaring, down-sloping brim that came down at the rear to protect the back of the neck

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68
Q

ethytonos

A

stationary bow, mounted on a tripod and similar in design to a ballista

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69
Q

palintonos

A

fired stone projectiles, a larger ethytonos

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70
Q

Hekatombaion

A

first month, july/august

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71
Q

Metageitnion

A

second month, august/sept

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72
Q

Boedromion

A

third month, sept/oct

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73
Q

Pyanepsion

A

fourth month, oct/nov

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74
Q

Maimakterion

A

fifth month, nov/dec

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75
Q

Poseideon

A

sixth month, dec/jan

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76
Q

Gamelion

A

seventh month, jan/feb

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77
Q

Anthesterion

A

eighth month, feb/march

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78
Q

Elaphebolion

A

nineth month, march/april

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79
Q

Mounichion

A

tenth month, april/may

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80
Q

Thargelion

A

eleventh month, may/june

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81
Q

Skirophorion

A

twelve month, june/july

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82
Q

pharos

A

lighthouse

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83
Q

Trireme

A

warship

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84
Q

penteconter

A

an ancient warship with a single row of 30 oars on each side

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85
Q

bireme

A

a warship with two banks of oars,of Phoenician origin

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86
Q

quinquereme/pentērēs

A

invented by Syracuse Dionysius I in 399 BC as part of a major naval armament programme directed against the Carthaginians. “fives” were the heaviest type of warship, and often used as flagships of fleets composed of triremes and quadriremes.

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87
Q

quadrireme /tetrērēs

A

was especially valued for its great speed and manoeuvrability, while its relatively shallow draught made it ideal for coastal operations

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88
Q

hexareme/sexireme/hexērēs

A

rarer than smaller vessels, chiefly as flagships

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89
Q

kerameikos

A

cemetery

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90
Q

demos

A

city square

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91
Q

hecatomb

A

a sacrifice of 100 cows

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92
Q

ekklesia

A

Athenian assembly

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93
Q

bema

A

the “stepping stone” or speakers’ platform

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94
Q

Agora

A

s a central spot in ancient Greek city-states.”gathering place” or “assembly”. The center of athletic, artistic, spiritual and political life of the city

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95
Q

Panathenaic Games

A

held every four years in Athens in Ancient Greece since 566 BC, only Athenians allowed to play

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96
Q

stadion

A

foot race

97
Q

apobatai

A

chariot race in which the driver had to jump out of the chariot, run alongside, and jump back in, popular in the Panathenaic games

98
Q

pyrriche

A

military exercises accompanied by music

99
Q

euandrion

A

essentially a contest of manliness and strength between young Athenian men

100
Q

Great Panathenaia

A

a peplos was given to the statue of athena

101
Q

pannychis

A

“all-nighter”

102
Q

Potnia

A

an Ancient Greek word for “Mistress, Lady” and a title of a goddess.

103
Q

ostraka

A

a potsherd used as a writing surface

104
Q

linear a

A

Minoan texts

105
Q

linear b

A

Mycenaean texts

106
Q

myceaneans buried their dead in what kind of tomb

A

nekropolis, cemetery

107
Q

tholos

A

a beehive tomb

108
Q

oikos

A

house

109
Q

hieron

A

temple

110
Q

theatron

A

theater

111
Q

metope

A

square space between triglyphs in a Doric frieze

112
Q

gynakia

A

woman

113
Q

parodos

A

in the theater of ancient Greece, is either a side-entrance, or the first song sung by the chorus after its entrance from the side wings.

114
Q

Skene

A

background building to the stage

115
Q

naos

A

small shrine

116
Q

Diazoma

A

a passage in the auditorium of an ancient Greek theater dividing the lower from the upper rows of seats for convenience of access

117
Q

Thespis

A

the first actor, 534 BC

118
Q

Thymela

A

Originally an altar on the orchestra, this became the spot

where the leader of the chorus (koryphaios) would stand.

119
Q

koryphaios

A

the leader of the chorus

120
Q

Theologion

A

the flat roof of the scene, reserved for actors playing gods

121
Q

Periactoi

A

two prismatic pillars, one stage left, one stage right. These could be rotated to change scenes during the performance.

122
Q

Ekeclema

A

platform carrying “dead bodies” that was wheeled on. This was done because Greek theatre never showed a murder or suicide on stage

123
Q

rhyta

A

horn shaped drinking cups

124
Q

hemeris

A

cultivated vine

125
Q

Theophrastus

A

wrote about the viticultivation

126
Q

boustrophedon

A

of written words- from right to left and from left to right in alternate lines.

127
Q

Epicureanism

A

philosophy that stresses atheism, atomism, and pursuit of pleasure

128
Q

ataraxia

A

state of tranquility

129
Q

Cynicism

A

the purpose of life was to live in virtue, in agreement with nature. As reasoning creatures, people could gain happiness by rigorous training and by living in a way which was natural for themselves, rejecting all conventional desires for wealth, power, sex and fame.

130
Q

kynodesme

A

(literally a “dog leash”), a thin leather thong used as a penis restraint:

131
Q

pale

A

game of wrestling

132
Q

pygme/pygmachia

A

Ancient Greek boxing

133
Q

pankration

A

the ancient form of mixed martial arts.

134
Q

two rules of pankration

A

no eye gouging and no biting (the referees carried sticks to beat those who violated the rules)

135
Q
  • The Olympic Games
A

the most important and prestigious game of them all, was held in honor of Zeus every four years near Elis.

136
Q

Pythian Games

A

held every four years near Delphi in honor of Apollo

137
Q

Nemean Games

A

held every two years near Nemea, in honor of Zeus

138
Q

Isthmian Games

A

held every two years near Corinth, in honor of Poseidon

139
Q

Heraea

A

womans running olympics. 1/6 as long as the mens

140
Q

Antikythera mechanism.

A

ancient mechanical computer that was used to set the dates for the games

141
Q

kottabos

A

a drinking game where a man flings wine lees at targets. The player would utter the name of the object of his affection

142
Q

harmatodromia/circenses

A

chariot races

143
Q

Strategos

A

army leader

144
Q

xiphos

A

iron sword

145
Q

pentekonter

A

versatile, long-range ships used for sea trade, piracy and warfare, capable of transporting freight or troops

146
Q

gerousia

A

council of elders in Sparta

147
Q

ephors

A

five officials elected annually by a popular assembly in Sparta, swore for the city

148
Q

boule

A

council of 500, consisted of fifty members chosen at random from each tribe in Athens

149
Q

ruled by two kings

A

Sparta, swore for themselves

150
Q

talent

A

one of several ancient units of mass, a commercial weight, as well as corresponding units of value equivalent to these masses of a precious metal.

151
Q

xenos

A

word for foreigner, hospitality

152
Q

Apelles

A

painter of Aphrodite Anadyomene (Aphrodite rising from the sea); was the painter of the portraits of Alexander the great

153
Q

Myron

A

sculpted the discobolus

154
Q

“pleasure is the beginning and end of living happily”

A

Epicurus

155
Q

the epphors were elected by who

A

the apella annually

156
Q

in what month did the mystai (initiates) make the fourteen mile pilgrimage to Eleusis

A

September;

Metageitnion/ Boedromion

157
Q

three public gymnasia at Athens

A

the Lyceum, Cynosarges, Academy

158
Q

which archon gave his name to a year as a means o dating events

A

eponymos

159
Q

gnomon

A

sun dial

160
Q

Spartan Marriges

A

arranged by parents; bridegroom carried off bride by force; divorce was rare

161
Q

the Cretan Zeus equivalent was

A

Velchanos

162
Q

symbols of royal power in the minoan culture

A

fluer-de-lys and labrys

163
Q

Athena Promanchos

A

work of Phidias out of the spoils of Marathon

164
Q

bad omens

A

finding a snake hidden in the house; a weasel crossing your path; stumbling over a threshold

165
Q

the most common ratio of water to wine was

A

3 to 2

166
Q

Eratosthenes

A

calculated the circumference of the earth

167
Q

three things that could be found in the Athenian Agora

A

the Tholos, Painted Stoa, small shops

168
Q

Aeschylus increased the chorus to

A

twelve people

169
Q

architrave

A

beam above the column

170
Q

Alcman

A

lyric poet originally from Lydia

171
Q

Alcman: Parthenia

A

a chorus written for Spartan girls

172
Q

a master of a Greek house would receive visitors in the

A

andronitis

173
Q

andronitis

A

In Greek antiquity, the portion of a house appropriated especially to males, including dining-room, library, sitting-rooms,

174
Q

gynasconitis

A

womans/mistresses courtyard; harem lounge

175
Q

thalamos

A

Also called thalamium. an apartment for women in an ancient Greek house.

176
Q

Areopagus

A

Judicial council that met on this hill, originally having wide public functions but later becoming a purely judicial body.
a hill in Athens, Greece, W of the Acropolis.

177
Q

Sophists

A

charged fees for their teaching, contributed to the deterioration of morals, “teacher of wisdom”

178
Q

Hesiods Work and Days is addressed to who

A

his brother Perseus

179
Q

Sophist that founded European grammar and philology

A

Protagoras

180
Q

lyre

A

most used of the musical instruments, similar to a guitar

181
Q

when were olive trees harvested

A

late autumn

182
Q

who did the oracle of Delphi speak through

A

the prophetess Pythia

183
Q

where did Athenian slaves take sanctuary from their cruel masters

A

the Temple of Thesues

184
Q

there were never more that how many actors speaking before an audiance

A

three

185
Q

every greek hoplite would have been armed with what

A

a lance and sword

186
Q

what plays were presented by poets in Dionysia

A

three tragedy and one satyr play

187
Q

the interior of the northern wing of the Propylaea was decorated with painting by whom

A

Polygnotus

188
Q

common staples in the Grecian diet

A

fish, cabbage, cereals

189
Q

what happened to children of slaves

A

often killed or sold

190
Q

Lycurgus

A

the lawgiver of the Spartan society

191
Q

homoioi

A

males of Sparta known to the Spartans as “peers” or “men of equal status”.

192
Q

how long did the Olympic games last

A

five days

193
Q

thetes

A

free men, but without land or other resources. They were a class of farmers that emerged in areas where the status of individual property was in effect. To make a living they subjected themselves to the owners of holdings, selling them their services.

194
Q

perioikoi

A

free but non-citizen inhabitants of Sparta

195
Q

sakkos

A

is a vestment worn by Orthodox and Greek Catholic bishops;a tunic with wide sleeves, distinctive pattern of trim. It reaches below the knees and is fastened up the sides with buttons or tied with ribbons

196
Q

phelonion

A

is a liturgical vestment worn by a priest of the Eastern Christian tradition. It is worn over the priest’s other vestments and is equivalent to the chasuble of Western Christianity.

197
Q

who was the best known of the Cynic philosophers, noted for living in an overturned clay storage jar

A

Diogenes

198
Q

acropolis

A

high city

199
Q

mina

A

100 drachmae

200
Q

stater

A

weight measure; “weight”; an ancient coin used in various regions of Greece.

201
Q

stoa

A

long roofed pathway with columns, sometimes containes shops

202
Q

deme

A

a suburb of Athens or a subdivision of Attica, the region of Greece surrounding Athens.

203
Q

katagogia

A

religious festival celebrating Dionysus coming from the sea

204
Q

aryballos

A

a small spherical or globular flask with a narrow neck; used to contain perfume or oil, and is often depicted in vase paintings being used by athletes during bathing

205
Q

libation

A

a ritual pouring of a liquid as an offering to a god or spirit or in memory of those who have died

206
Q

the Kolonus Agoraeus was famous for its what

A

blacksmiths

207
Q

Parmenides

A

father of logic; pre socrates

208
Q

hippios

A

horse racing

209
Q

trapezitai

A

members of a males brotherhood

210
Q

hermae

A

a sculpture with a head, torso, above a plain, usually squared lower section, on which male genitals may also be carved at the appropriate height.

211
Q

phrateres

A

kinship; brother

212
Q

Apollonius

A

wrote Argonautica

213
Q

sussition

A

Spartan dining hall

214
Q

hypaspists

A

“shield bearer” or “shield covered”; is a squire, man at arms, or “shield carrier”

215
Q

hipparchs

A

the title of an ancient Greek cavalry officer, commanding a hipparchia);

216
Q

hipparchia

A

unit of about 500 horsemen

217
Q

epihipparchos

A

commander of the hipparchs and hipparchia

218
Q

oinochoe

A

a wine jug and a key form of Greek pottery;. The earliest is the olpe and has an S-shaped profile from head to foot.

219
Q

ephebos

A

a male Athenian of 18 years

220
Q

leitourgia

A

“sacred ministry to the Lord”

221
Q

whose poem won the competition circa 489 to choose the official epitaph for the athenian dead at marathon

A

Simonides of Ceos

222
Q

what can be described as a decorative form of wine cup ending, at bottom, in an animals head or other shape

A

a rhyton

223
Q

alabastron

A

a small type of pottery or glass vessel used in the ancient world for holding oil, especially perfume or massage oils.

224
Q

megaron

A

large hall in a Mycenaean palace where the king conducted state business

225
Q

satrap

A

governors of the provinces of the ancient Median and Achaemenid (Persian) Empires and in several of their successors, such as the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires.

226
Q

Work of literature that has the earliest extant description of the kingdom of hades

A

the Odyssey

227
Q

basileus

A

equivalent of a king in Athens

228
Q

polemarchos

A

a senior military title in various ancient Greek city states

229
Q

eponumos

A

the chief magistrate

230
Q

metronomoi

A

public officials who oversaw the weights and measures (metra kai stathma) in Athens

231
Q

hegemon

A

leader

232
Q

which play by Aeschylus was written in a time of civil turmoil to sooth the class strife of the citizens

A

Eumenides

233
Q

Epitaphios

A

is an icon, today most often found as a large cloth, embroidered and often richly adorned, which is used during the services of Good Friday and Holy Saturday in the Eastern Orthodox Churches and those Eastern Catholic Churches which follow the Byzantine Rite

234
Q

greatest greek choral poet

A

homer

235
Q

pallake

A

common-law wife

236
Q

how many strategoi were elected annually in athens

A

ten

237
Q

caryatid

A

decorative pillar of a woman holding the ceiling up with her head

238
Q

Odeon

A

small theatre, place of contests of poetry and music in Athens

239
Q

auloi

A

double pipes

Greek Life & Lit (20 decks)

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