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KN JD NPTE: OTHER SYSTEMS > OTH: Metabolic Obesity/Thyroid/Adrenal > Flashcards

OTH: Metabolic Obesity/Thyroid/Adrenal Flashcards

1
Q

Overweight BMI

A

25-29.9

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2
Q

Obese BMI

A

> 30

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3
Q

Morbidly obese BMI

A

> 40

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4
Q

Health risks associated with obesity? (7)

A
  1. HTN
  2. Hyperlipidemia
  3. DMT2
  4. CVD
  5. gallbladder disease
  6. Infertility
  7. CA (endometrium breast, prostate, colon)
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5
Q

Genetics may account for ___% of BMI

A

30-40

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6
Q

Medical causes that may lead to obesity? (4)

A
  1. Metabolic disorders
  2. Endocrine problems
  3. hypothyroidism
  4. Cushing’s syndrome
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7
Q

Obesity: reduce caloric intake- fat intake < __% total energy intake

A

30

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8
Q

Obesity: Exercise testing at what level? (__ METs), with small workload increments of ___ METs

A

Submax, low initial workload (2-3 METs), increments of .5-1 METs

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9
Q

Obesity ExRx: FITT

A

F: 5-7 days
I: initially 40-60% VO2R or HRR, progress to 50-70%
T: 30-60 min
T: aerobic, circuit training, aquatic

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10
Q

Obesity: RED FLAGS Exercise Pxns

  1. Typically have __ compromise (__, increased __, __)
  2. Exhibit altered biomechanics leading to ___
  3. Increased risk of ___ breakdown
  4. Increased __ intolerance
  5. Increase risk of therapist ___
A
  1. CV (SOB, increased BP, angina
  2. Joint pain and injury
  3. Skin
  4. Heat
  5. Injuring self due to body mechanics
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11
Q

Hypothyroidism: decreased activity of thyroid gland with deficient thyroid secretion of _____ (__ T4 levels, __ TSH)

A

Thyroxine

Decrease, increase

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12
Q

Hypothyroidism: ___ metabolic processes, affects body temp, HR, __ body processes

A

Slow

Slow

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13
Q

Hypothyroidism: etiology

  1. Decreased ____ hormone secreted by __ or ___
  2. Atrophy of ___ gland
  3. Chronic autoimmune (_____ disease)
  4. OD with ___ meds
A
  1. Thyroid-releasing hormone, hypothalamus/pituitary
  2. Thyroid
  3. Hashimoto’s
  4. Antithyroid
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14
Q

If untreated, hypothyroidism can lead to ___ with swelling of ___, ___, ____. What is tx?

A

Myxedema
Hands, feet, face
Tx: lifelong thyroid replacement therapy

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15
Q

RED FLAG: hypothyroidism- exercise ____, weakness, apathy, exercise induced ____ and ___ CO.

A

Intolerance
myalgia
Decreased

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16
Q

Hyperthyroidism: hyperactivity of thyroid gland (___ TH4 levels, __ TSH)

A

Increase

Decrease

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17
Q

Etiology of hyperthyroidism?

A

Unknown (iodine deficiency)

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18
Q

Hyperthyroidism: thyroid typically ___, secretes greater than normal thyroid hormone ___

A

Enlarged

Thyroxine

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19
Q

Hyperthyroid related to 3 conditions:

A
  1. Grave’s disease
  2. Thyroid storm
  3. Thyrotoxicosis
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20
Q

Tx for hyperthyroidism?

A

Antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine may also be prescribed or surgical ablation may be indicated

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21
Q

RED FLAG: hyperthyroidism can result in exercise ___, ___ associated with hypermetabolic state

A

Intolerance, fatigue

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22
Q

HYPO or HYPERthyroidism?

Constipation

A

Hypo

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23
Q

HYPO or HYPERthyroidism?

Depression, fatigue

A

Hypo

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24
Q

HYPO or HYPERthyroidism?

Dry thin hair, hair loss

A

Hypo

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25
Q

HYPO or HYPERthyroidism?

peripheral edema, peripheral neuropathy

A

Hypo

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26
Q

HYPO or HYPERthyroidism?

CTS

A

Hypo

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27
Q

HYPO or HYPERthyroidism?

Slow HR, swelling of thyroid gland (goiter)

A

Hypo

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28
Q

HYPO or HYPERthyroidism?

Depression, dry skin

29
Q

HYPO or HYPERthyroidism?

Unexpected weight gain

30
Q

HYPO or HYPERthyroidism?

Cold intolerance

31
Q

HYPO or HYPERthyroidism?

nervous, tremor

32
Q

HYPO or HYPERthyroidism?

Hyperreflexia, palpitations/tachycardia

33
Q

HYPO or HYPERthyroidism?

Hunger, diarrhea

34
Q

HYPO or HYPERthyroidism?

Wt loss

35
Q

HYPO or HYPERthyroidism?

Heat intolerance

36
Q

HYPO or HYPERthyroidism?

Goiter

37
Q

HYPO or HYPERthyroidism?

Increased sweating, anxiety

38
Q

HYPO or HYPERthyroidism?

Exuphthalmia (bulging eyes)

39
Q

HYPO or HYPERthyroidism?

Dyspnea

40
Q

Parathyroid: secretes ___, which regulates __ and __ metabolism

A

PTH, calcium, phosphorous

41
Q

Hyperparathyroidism: increased PTH leads to ___ Ca levels and __ serum phosphate

A

Increased Ca, decreased phos

42
Q

Hyperparathyroidism:

___ of bone, subsequent __ of bone strength/density

A

Demineralization, loss

43
Q

Hyperparathyroidism: often discovered how?

A

Asymptomatic hypercalcemia on dx

44
Q

Hypoparathyroidism: decreased or absent ___, commonly result of ___ of gland

A

PTH, removal

45
Q

Hypoparathyroidism: ___ serum Ca, ___ serum phosphate, __ serum PTH

A

Decrease, increase, decrease

46
Q

HYPER or HYPOparathyroidism?

proximal weakness

47
Q

HYPER or HYPOparathyroidism?

Fatigue, drowsy, depression

48
Q

HYPER or HYPOparathyroidism?

Arthralgia/myalgia

49
Q

HYPER or HYPOparathyroidism?

Pancreatitis

50
Q

HYPER or HYPOparathyroidism?

Gout, osteopenia/fx

51
Q

HYPER or HYPOparathyroidism?

Confusion/memory loss

52
Q

HYPER or HYPOparathyroidism?

Glove/stocking sensation loss

53
Q

HYPER or HYPOparathyroidism?

Osteitis fibrosis cystica (bone lesions: Brown tumors)

54
Q

HYPER or HYPOparathyroidism?

Neck stiffness, muscle cramps

55
Q

HYPER or HYPOparathyroidism?

Seizures, irritability, tetany

56
Q

HYPER or HYPOparathyroidism?

Shaking arms/legs, depression

57
Q

HYPER or HYPOparathyroidism?

Chovstek’s sign (twitching facial muscles with tapping of facial N in front of ear)

58
Q

Primary adrenal insufficiency

A

Addson’s disease

59
Q

Addson’s disease: partial/complete failure of adrenocortical fxn, results in __ production of __ and __

A

Decreased, cortisol, aldosterone

60
Q

Etiology of Addson’s disease

A

AI process, infection, neoplasm, hemorrhage

61
Q

Medical interventions for addson’s disease?

A

Replacement therapy (glucocorticoid, adrenal corticoids), adequate fluid intake, diet high in complex carbs/protein

62
Q

Addson’s Disease sx:

  1. ___ pigmentation of skin
  2. __ and __ endurance
  3. __ (eating), dehydration
  4. Wt __, __ disturbances
  5. psych conditions?
  6. Decreased tolerance to __ temp
  7. Intolerance to stress
  8. __ calcification
A
  1. Bronze
  2. Weakness, decreased
  3. Anorexia
  4. Loss, GI
  5. Anxiety, depression
  6. Cold
  7. Tendon
63
Q

Secondary adrenal insufficiency can result from prolonged __ therapy (____), rapid withdrawal of __, __ or __ tumors

A

Steroid (ACTH), drugs, hypothalamic/pituitary

64
Q

Metabolic disorder from chronic and excessive production of cortisol by adrenal cortex

A

Cushing’s Syndrome

65
Q

___ is result of drug toxicity (over-administration of glucocorticoids)

A

Cushing’s

66
Q

Etiology of Cushing’s?

A

Most common is PITUITARY TUMOR with increased secretion of ACTH

67
Q

Medical interventions for Cushing’s?

A

Decrease excess ACTH, irradiation or surgery excision of pituitary tumor or control of meds
- monitor weight, electrolyte/fluid balance

68
Q

S/sx Cushing’s:

  1. __ glucose tolerance
  2. Facial characteristics?
  3. Weight gain/loss? Where?
  4. Bone condition?
  5. __ testosterone or __ menstruated period
  6. Muscle __
  7. Edema
  8. Hypo__
  9. Emotional changes
A
  1. Decreased
  2. Moon face, increased facial hair
  3. Gain, increased fat pads abdomen, chest, BUFFALO HUMP
  4. Osteoporosis
  5. Decreased, decreased
  6. Atrophy/wasting
  7. —
  8. Hypokalemia

KN JD NPTE: OTHER SYSTEMS (12 decks)

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