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KN JD NPTE: OTHER SYSTEMS > OTH: Cancer > Flashcards

OTH: Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Etiology (5)

A 
Environmental carcinogens
Viral carcinogens
Genetic
Dietary
Chronic stress
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2
Q

Early warning signs:

  1. Unusual ______/_______
  2. Lump, _______
  3. Sore that does not _____
  4. Change in _____/_____
  5. A cough that is _____, and ______
  6. Indigestion and dysphagia
  7. Change in size/appearance of ______
  8. Unexplained weight ____
A
  1. Bleeding/discharge
  2. Thickening
  3. Heal
  4. Bowel/bladder
  5. Hoarse and persistent
  6. Mole
  7. Loss
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3
Q

Tumor/neoplasm: abnormal growth of ____ ____ that is _______. Competes for vital blood supply and nutrients

A

New tissue

Nonfunctional

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4
Q

Benign tumor: localized, ___ growing, usually encapsulated. Noninvasive

A

Slow

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5
Q

Malignant tumor: INVASIVE, _____ growth. And usually mets.

A

Rapid

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6
Q

5 types of malignant tumors?

A 
Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Lymphoma
Leukemia
Myeloma
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7
Q

This tumor originates in the EPITHELIAL tissue (skin, stomach, breast, rectum, colon).

A

Carcinoma

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8
Q

Carcinoma in situ is a ________ neoplasm that has not invaded basement membrane

A

Premalignant

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9
Q

The tumor originates in CT and mesodermal tissue (muscle, bone, fat)

A

Sarcoma

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10
Q

This tumor affects lymphatic system

A

Lymphoma

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11
Q

These tumors affect blood and blood forming organs

A

Leukemia

Myeloma

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12
Q

CA staging is based on what 3 factors?

A 
Primary tumor (T)
Regional lymph node involvement (N)
And mets (M)
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13
Q

Stage 0 is what?

A

Carcinoma in situ

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14
Q

Stage 1 is what?

A

Tumor localized
2 cm or less
Not spread to (N)

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15
Q

Stage 2 is what?

A

Tumor locally advanced
2-5 cm
With or without (n) involvement

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16
Q

Stage 3 is what?

A 
Tumor is locally more advanced
Spread to (n)
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17
Q

Stage 4 is what?

A

Tumor has METS, or spread to other organs

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18
Q 
Grade 1 (low grade): 
CA cells resemble \_\_\_\_\_ cells (well differentiated), \_\_\_ growing
A

Normal

Slow

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19
Q

Grade 2 (immediate grade): CA cells look more _____ (mod differentiated) and are growing _____ _____

A

Abn

Slightly faster

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20
Q

Grade 3 (high grade): CA cells are ____ (poorly differentiated)/ spread more _______

A

Abn

Aggressively

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21
Q

Grade 4 (high grade): CA cells are ____ (undifferentiated)

A

Abn

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22
Q

Cured means that there is no recurrence within __ years post-tx

A

5

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23
Q

Medical management includes what?

A

Surgery
Radiation
Chemo
Immunotherapy - interferons, interleukins, cytokines ; or stem cell transplant

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24
Q

Red Flag: Local and Systemic Effects:
Radiation:
Pain, fatigue, immunosuppression, FIBROSIS, BURNS, _______ wound healing, edema, _____ loss, CNS effects

A

Delayed

Hair

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25
Red Flag: Local and Systemic Effects: Chemo: Fatigue, GI SYMPTOMS, anorexia, N/V/D, hemorrhage, bone _______ suppression, SKIN RASH, NEUROPATHIES, phlebitis, hair _____
Marrow | Loss
26
Red Flag: Local and Systemic Effects: Immunotherapy: Fatigue, weight ____, ___ like symptoms, N/V, anorexia, fluid _______
Loss Flu Retention
27
Red Flag: Local and Systemic Effects: Hormonal therapy: GI SX’S, HTN, steroid induced DM, myopathy, weight _____, hot flash/sweating, altered _____ _____, impotence
Gain | Mental status
28
PT Exam: PAIN CA pain syndrome - _______ symptoms may accompany moderate to severe pain _____cardia, _____tension, _______pnea, N/V
Sympathetic TACHYcardia Htn Tachypnea
29
PT Exam: Pain | Examine site ______ to tumor to look for mets
DISTAL
30
PT Exam: PAIN | ________ pain due to surg, rad, chemo
Iatrogenic
31
PT Exam: | What is the most common symptom?
Cancer related fatigue
32
Adverse side effects of CA Tx: Immunosuppressed pt: monitor VS, physical response to exercise, may see what changes in HR/BP? Dyspnea, PALLOR, sweating, fatigue Pt is easily fatigued with ____ exertion
Elevated Minimal
33
Adverse side effects of CA Tx: | Muscle atrophy and weakness secondary to increased dose of ______ in chemo
Steroids
34
Adverse side effects of CA Tx: | ROM deficits due to increased dose of ____ around joints
Radiation
35
Adverse side effects of CA Tx: Hematological disruptions: WBC suppression (leukopenia) Platelet suppression and ___ bleeding (thrombocytopenia) RBC suppression (anemia) with decreased ______ capacity
Increased | Aerobic
36
PT Goals: Edema control: elevated _____, _____ ROM Massage Post-op compression
Extremities | Active
37
Pt Goals: | TENS when?
Post op - for pain
38
Pt Goals: what kind of exercise?
Isometric | Light weight isotonic
39
Red Flag: Pts with significant bony metastasis, osteoporosis, or platelet <20,000, what activities should you do? What may be restricted? What is one at increased risk for?
AROM, ADL ONLY WB may be restricted Increased risk for vertebral compression and other fractures with mets. Light exercise only
40
Exercise contraindications/precautions: | Review ____ ____ prior to each tx session
Lab values
41
Exercise contraindications: | Can a patient exercise on the day of IV chemo?
NO
42
Exercise contraindications: | Can a patient exercise within 48 hours of chemo treatment?
YES Not within 24 hours
43
Exercise contraindications: | Severe reaction to radiation?
NO exercise
44
Exercise contraindications: | Acute illness of febrile illness of > ____ degrees F
100 deg
45
Exercise contraindications: Severe N/V/D within 24-36 hours Dehydrated Poor nutrition
NO
46
Exercise contraindications: | Unusual/extreme fatigue, muscle weakness, recent ____ pain
Bone
47
Exercise contraindications: | Chest pain, rapid/slow ___, increased ____, ____ swelling
HR BP Ankle
48
Exercise contraindications: | Severe dyspnea, pain on _____ _____, cough/wheeze
Deep breath
49
Exercise contraindications: | Dizzy/lightheaded, confusion, _____ vision, ataxia
Blurred
50
Patients with low platelets may experience what?
SOB, excess fatigue, angina, petechiae
51
If platelet less than 10,000, pt may have ____ ____
Spontaneous bleeding
52
Pts with neutropenia have an increased risk for what?
Infection
53
Pts with bony mets have an increased risk for pathological _____ What activities should be avoided?
Fx NO MMT, resistance exercise, or high stress activities
54
``` Cancer specific emergencies: Sudden loss of ____ _____ ____ ___ compression Fever ____ syndrome ```
Limb function Spinal cord Superior vena cava
55
Post mastectomy: Restore ____ ___ full ROM of shoulder Prevent/decrease _______ Early post op exercise stressed as early as ______ __
Pain free Edema Day 1
56
Bone marrow transplant: prolonged hospitalization and inactivity. Average 30 days. Prolonged chemo/radiation = strict _____
Isolation
57
Exercise is CONTRA in patients with platelets less than _________ Caution with platelets ______-_______
20,000 | 20,000-50,000
58
Platelets: Normal?
150,000-450,000
59
Platelets: Some limitations at what value?
50,000 - 150,000
60
Platelets: Moderate exercise at what value?
30,000 - 50,000
61
Platelets: Light exericse at what value?
20,000 - 30,000
62
Platelets: ROM, ADL, GAIT ONLY at what value?
<20,000
63
WBC: Normal?
4800 - 10800
64
WBC: | Light/regular exercise at what value?
>5000
65
WBC: | No exercise at what value?
<5000 with fever
66
WBC: | No exercise, and wear protective mask with what value?
<1000
67
Hgl: normal for female and male?
Female: 12-16 Male: 13-18
68
Hgl: regular exercise at what value?
>10
69
Hgl: Light exercise with what value?
8-10
70
Hgl: No exercise with what value?
<8
71
Hct (% of RBC in blood): norm for male and female?
Female: 37-48 Male: 45-52
72
Hct: light/reg exercise at what value?
>25%
73
Hct: no exercise at what value?
<25%
74
What physical agents are CONTRA?
Thermal agents, deep heating agents, diathermy, hydrotherapy Not directly over tumor Not over dysvascular tissue: tissue exposed to radiation Not with pts with dec sensitivity to temp/pain Not in areas of inc bleeding/hemorrhage Not with acute injury, inflam, open wounds
75
CRYOTHERAPY is conta with pts that are insensitive to cold or have delayed _____ _____ Not over ____ ______
Wound healing | Dysvascular tissue

KN JD NPTE: OTHER SYSTEMS (12 decks)

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