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KN JD NPTE: OTHER SYSTEMS > OTH: Cancer > Flashcards

OTH: Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Etiology (5)

A 
Environmental carcinogens
Viral carcinogens
Genetic
Dietary
Chronic stress
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2
Q

Early warning signs:

  1. Unusual ______/_______
  2. Lump, _______
  3. Sore that does not _____
  4. Change in _____/_____
  5. A cough that is _____, and ______
  6. Indigestion and dysphagia
  7. Change in size/appearance of ______
  8. Unexplained weight ____
A
  1. Bleeding/discharge
  2. Thickening
  3. Heal
  4. Bowel/bladder
  5. Hoarse and persistent
  6. Mole
  7. Loss
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3
Q

Tumor/neoplasm: abnormal growth of ____ ____ that is _______. Competes for vital blood supply and nutrients

A

New tissue

Nonfunctional

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4
Q

Benign tumor: localized, ___ growing, usually encapsulated. Noninvasive

A

Slow

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5
Q

Malignant tumor: INVASIVE, _____ growth. And usually mets.

A

Rapid

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6
Q

5 types of malignant tumors?

A 
Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Lymphoma
Leukemia
Myeloma
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7
Q

This tumor originates in the EPITHELIAL tissue (skin, stomach, breast, rectum, colon).

A

Carcinoma

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8
Q

Carcinoma in situ is a ________ neoplasm that has not invaded basement membrane

A

Premalignant

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9
Q

The tumor originates in CT and mesodermal tissue (muscle, bone, fat)

A

Sarcoma

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10
Q

This tumor affects lymphatic system

A

Lymphoma

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11
Q

These tumors affect blood and blood forming organs

A

Leukemia

Myeloma

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12
Q

CA staging is based on what 3 factors?

A 
Primary tumor (T)
Regional lymph node involvement (N)
And mets (M)
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13
Q

Stage 0 is what?

A

Carcinoma in situ

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14
Q

Stage 1 is what?

A

Tumor localized
2 cm or less
Not spread to (N)

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15
Q

Stage 2 is what?

A

Tumor locally advanced
2-5 cm
With or without (n) involvement

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16
Q

Stage 3 is what?

A 
Tumor is locally more advanced
Spread to (n)
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17
Q

Stage 4 is what?

A

Tumor has METS, or spread to other organs

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18
Q 
Grade 1 (low grade): 
CA cells resemble \_\_\_\_\_ cells (well differentiated), \_\_\_ growing
A

Normal

Slow

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19
Q

Grade 2 (immediate grade): CA cells look more _____ (mod differentiated) and are growing _____ _____

A

Abn

Slightly faster

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20
Q

Grade 3 (high grade): CA cells are ____ (poorly differentiated)/ spread more _______

A

Abn

Aggressively

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21
Q

Grade 4 (high grade): CA cells are ____ (undifferentiated)

A

Abn

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22
Q

Cured means that there is no recurrence within __ years post-tx

A

5

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23
Q

Medical management includes what?

A

Surgery
Radiation
Chemo
Immunotherapy - interferons, interleukins, cytokines ; or stem cell transplant

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24
Q

Red Flag: Local and Systemic Effects:
Radiation:
Pain, fatigue, immunosuppression, FIBROSIS, BURNS, _______ wound healing, edema, _____ loss, CNS effects

A

Delayed

Hair

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25
Q

Red Flag: Local and Systemic Effects:
Chemo:
Fatigue, GI SYMPTOMS, anorexia, N/V/D, hemorrhage, bone _______ suppression, SKIN RASH, NEUROPATHIES, phlebitis, hair _____

A

Marrow

Loss

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26
Q

Red Flag: Local and Systemic Effects:
Immunotherapy:
Fatigue, weight ____, ___ like symptoms, N/V, anorexia, fluid _______

A

Loss
Flu
Retention

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27
Q

Red Flag: Local and Systemic Effects:
Hormonal therapy: GI SX’S, HTN, steroid induced DM, myopathy, weight _____, hot flash/sweating, altered _____ _____, impotence

A

Gain

Mental status

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28
Q

PT Exam: PAIN
CA pain syndrome - _______ symptoms may accompany moderate to severe pain
_____cardia, _____tension, _______pnea, N/V

A

Sympathetic
TACHYcardia
Htn
Tachypnea

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29
Q

PT Exam: Pain

Examine site ______ to tumor to look for mets

A

DISTAL

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30
Q

PT Exam: PAIN

________ pain due to surg, rad, chemo

A

Iatrogenic

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31
Q

PT Exam:

What is the most common symptom?

A

Cancer related fatigue

32
Q

Adverse side effects of CA Tx:
Immunosuppressed pt: monitor VS, physical response to exercise, may see what changes in HR/BP?
Dyspnea, PALLOR, sweating, fatigue
Pt is easily fatigued with ____ exertion

A

Elevated

Minimal

33
Q

Adverse side effects of CA Tx:

Muscle atrophy and weakness secondary to increased dose of ______ in chemo

A

Steroids

34
Q

Adverse side effects of CA Tx:

ROM deficits due to increased dose of ____ around joints

A

Radiation

35
Q

Adverse side effects of CA Tx:
Hematological disruptions:
WBC suppression (leukopenia)
Platelet suppression and ___ bleeding (thrombocytopenia)
RBC suppression (anemia) with decreased ______ capacity

A

Increased

Aerobic

36
Q

PT Goals:
Edema control: elevated _____, _____ ROM
Massage
Post-op compression

A

Extremities

Active

37
Q

Pt Goals:

TENS when?

A

Post op - for pain

38
Q

Pt Goals: what kind of exercise?

A

Isometric

Light weight isotonic

39
Q

Red Flag: Pts with significant bony metastasis, osteoporosis, or platelet <20,000, what activities should you do?

What may be restricted?

What is one at increased risk for?

A

AROM, ADL ONLY
WB may be restricted

Increased risk for vertebral compression and other fractures with mets. Light exercise only

40
Q

Exercise contraindications/precautions:

Review ____ ____ prior to each tx session

A

Lab values

41
Q

Exercise contraindications:

Can a patient exercise on the day of IV chemo?

A

NO

42
Q

Exercise contraindications:

Can a patient exercise within 48 hours of chemo treatment?

A

YES

Not within 24 hours

43
Q

Exercise contraindications:

Severe reaction to radiation?

A

NO exercise

44
Q

Exercise contraindications:

Acute illness of febrile illness of > ____ degrees F

A

100 deg

45
Q

Exercise contraindications:
Severe N/V/D within 24-36 hours
Dehydrated
Poor nutrition

A

NO

46
Q

Exercise contraindications:

Unusual/extreme fatigue, muscle weakness, recent ____ pain

A

Bone

47
Q

Exercise contraindications:

Chest pain, rapid/slow ___, increased ____, ____ swelling

A

HR
BP
Ankle

48
Q

Exercise contraindications:

Severe dyspnea, pain on _____ _____, cough/wheeze

A

Deep breath

49
Q

Exercise contraindications:

Dizzy/lightheaded, confusion, _____ vision, ataxia

A

Blurred

50
Q

Patients with low platelets may experience what?

A

SOB, excess fatigue, angina, petechiae

51
Q

If platelet less than 10,000, pt may have ____ ____

A

Spontaneous bleeding

52
Q

Pts with neutropenia have an increased risk for what?

A

Infection

53
Q

Pts with bony mets have an increased risk for pathological _____
What activities should be avoided?

A

Fx

NO MMT, resistance exercise, or high stress activities

54
Q 
Cancer specific emergencies:
Sudden loss of \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_ compression
Fever
\_\_\_\_ syndrome
A

Limb function
Spinal cord
Superior vena cava

55
Q

Post mastectomy:
Restore ____ ___ full ROM of shoulder
Prevent/decrease _______
Early post op exercise stressed as early as ______ __

A

Pain free
Edema
Day 1

56
Q

Bone marrow transplant: prolonged hospitalization and inactivity. Average 30 days. Prolonged chemo/radiation = strict _____

A

Isolation

57
Q

Exercise is CONTRA in patients with platelets less than _________
Caution with platelets ______-_______

A

20,000

20,000-50,000

58
Q

Platelets: Normal?

A

150,000-450,000

59
Q

Platelets: Some limitations at what value?

A

50,000 - 150,000

60
Q

Platelets: Moderate exercise at what value?

A

30,000 - 50,000

61
Q

Platelets: Light exericse at what value?

A

20,000 - 30,000

62
Q

Platelets: ROM, ADL, GAIT ONLY at what value?

A

<20,000

63
Q

WBC: Normal?

A

4800 - 10800

64
Q

WBC:

Light/regular exercise at what value?

A

> 5000

65
Q

WBC:

No exercise at what value?

A

<5000 with fever

66
Q

WBC:

No exercise, and wear protective mask with what value?

A

<1000

67
Q

Hgl: normal for female and male?

A

Female: 12-16
Male: 13-18

68
Q

Hgl: regular exercise at what value?

A

> 10

69
Q

Hgl: Light exercise with what value?

A

8-10

70
Q

Hgl: No exercise with what value?

A

<8

71
Q

Hct (% of RBC in blood): norm for male and female?

A

Female: 37-48
Male: 45-52

72
Q

Hct: light/reg exercise at what value?

A

> 25%

73
Q

Hct: no exercise at what value?

A

<25%

74
Q

What physical agents are CONTRA?

A

Thermal agents, deep heating agents, diathermy, hydrotherapy

Not directly over tumor
Not over dysvascular tissue: tissue exposed to radiation
Not with pts with dec sensitivity to temp/pain
Not in areas of inc bleeding/hemorrhage
Not with acute injury, inflam, open wounds

75
Q

CRYOTHERAPY is conta with pts that are insensitive to cold or have delayed _____ _____
Not over ____ ______

A

Wound healing

Dysvascular tissue

KN JD NPTE: OTHER SYSTEMS (12 decks)

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