OTH: Genital/Reprod System (Female) Flashcards by Katherine Nadelberg

Female Reprod: Ovaries store ova and produce female sex hormones. What are the two?

Estrogen and progesterone

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Female Reprod: The ovaries are under the control of the _____ and _____ _____ ____

Hypothalamus and ANT pituitary gland

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Female Reprod: the hypothalamus releases what?

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

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Female Reprod: the ant pit gland secretes what?

Gonadotropic FSH and leutinzing hormone

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Female Reprod: Estrogens _____ rate of bone resorption

Decreased

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Female Reprod: Estrogens ______ production of thyroid and increase HDL

Increase

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Female Reprod: After menopause, at risk for _______ and ____ ____

Osteoporosis

Bone fracture

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Female Reprod: When do heart disease and stroke risk increase?

After menopause

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Female Reprod: The breasts are located where?

Btw ribs 3-7

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Female Reprod: Pregnancy:

How much weight will one gain?

20-30 #

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Female Reprod: Pregnancy:
Relaxation training includes:
\_\_\_\_\_\_ progressive relaxation,
Relaxation response
Mental imagery
Yoga

Jacobsen’s

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Female Reprod: Pregnancy:

What kind of breathing should you teach?

DB
Lamaze techniques

NO VALSALVA

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Female Reprod: Pregnancy:
Common changes: Postural:
Kyphosis with scapular \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
C/S \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
FHP
L/S \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Protraction
Lordosis
Lordosis

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Female Reprod: Pregnancy:
Common changes: Postural:
What pelvic stabilization exercise should you teach?

Posterior pelvic tilt

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Female Reprod: Pregnancy:
Common changes: Postural:
What activities should you limit in the 3rd trimester?

Supine and bridging

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Female Reprod: Pregnancy:
Common changes: Balance:
COG shifts in what direction?

UP and FORWARD

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Female Reprod: Pregnancy:
Common changes: Balance:
What happens with advanced pregnancy?

Wide BOS

Difficulty with ambulation and stairs

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Female Reprod: Pregnancy:
Common changes: Lig Laxity:
Secondary to what hormone?
Joint hypermobility, especially at _____

Relaxin

SIJ

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Female Reprod: Pregnancy:
Common changes: Muscle Weakness:
The abdominal muscles are ______ and _______
_____ _____ is weak

Stretched and weak

Pelvic floor

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Female Reprod: Pregnancy:
Common changes: Muscle Weakness:
What kind of incontinence do they have?

STRESS, due to pelvic floor dysfunction

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Female Reprod: Pregnancy:
Common changes: Urinary Changes:
Increased indicidence of _____ and _____

Reflux and UTI

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Female Reprod: Pregnancy:
Common changes: Resp changes:
______ of diaphragm, widening of thoracic cage
Hyperventilation, dyspnea with MILD exericse

Elevation

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Female Reprod: Pregnancy:
Common changes: CV Changes:
Blood volume \_\_\_\_
Venous pressure in LE \_\_\_\_
HR \_\_\_
CO \_\_\_
BP \_\_\_

Inc
Inc
Inc
Inc
DEC BP due to venous distensibility

EVERYTHING INC EXCEPT FOR BP

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Female Reprod: Pregnancy:
Common changes: CV Changes:
Exercise in moderation, frequent \_\_\_\_\_\_
Use of FAMILIAR activities
Ankle pumps and elevation for LE edema

REST

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Female Reprod: Pregnancy: Common changes: Thermoregulation: ____ Basal Metabolic Rate ____ Heat production

Inc | Inc

Pregnancy Related and Pelvic Floor Patho: Diastasis Recti: Split of rec abdominals from linea alba greater than ___ cm

Pregnancy Related and Pelvic Floor Patho: | Diastasis Recti: associated with loss of ______ wall support and ____ ____ pain

Abd | Low back

Pregnancy Related and Pelvic Floor Patho: | Diastasis Recti: what exercises should be avoided?

Sit ups and B/L SLR

Pregnancy Related and Pelvic Floor Patho: | Diastasis Recti: When can one resume exercise?

When separation is less than 2 cm Start with partial sit ups, pelvic tilts

Pregnancy Related and Pelvic Floor Patho: Pelvic floor disorders: What muscle is weak?

Pubococcygeal muscle (PC)

Pregnancy Related and Pelvic Floor Patho: PF Disorders: Cystocele is herniation of ____ into _____

Bladder into vagina

Pregnancy Related and Pelvic Floor Patho: PF Disorders: Rectocele is herniation of _____ into _____

Rectum into vagina

Pregnancy Related and Pelvic Floor Patho: PF Disorders: Uterine prolapse is bulging of ____ into ______ How do you fix this?

Uterus into vagina Needs surgical correction most likely

``` Pregnancy Related and Pelvic Floor Patho: PF Disorders: Symptoms: Where does pt feel pain? Urinary sxs? Pain with what activities/position? ``` (RED FLAG) Where can pain radiate?

``` PELVIC pain (perivaginal, perirectal, LOW abd quadrant) Urinary incontinence ``` Pain during sex Pain during prolonged standing Can radiate down posterior thigh Pain is usually decreased in supine

Pregnancy Related and Pelvic Floor Patho: PF Exercises: Indicated for what population?

``` F/M with B/B incontinence F who have started menopause CA Tx causing early menopause F who are pregnant Middle/old age F ```

Pregnancy Related and Pelvic Floor Patho: | PF Exercises: What are contraindications? (3)

Recent surgery Urinary cath in place Excess pelvic pain

``` Pregnancy Related and Pelvic Floor Patho: PF Exercises: Kegel’s What position to start? Bladder should be (full/empty?) Technique? Duration of hold and relax? How many times per day? Progression? ```

``` Position: supine with bent knees Bladder should be empty Tighten PF muscles (imagine sitting on toilet to pee and stopping flow) Hold 5-10 seconds, relax 10 second 5x/day, progress to 10x 3 times a day ```

Red flag: stopping and starting urine while emptying bladder is NOT kegel. This can interfere with urinary ______ and contribute to bladder _____

Reflexes | Infection

``` Pregnancy Related and Pelvic Floor Patho: LBP and Pelvic Pain: ____ mattress Muscle re-ed Modalities, but NO _____ _____ ```

Firm NO DEEP HEAT

SID: secondary to postural changes and ______ laxity

Ligament

SID: where are the locations of pain?

Posterior pelvic pain Pain in the butt Pain may radiate into posterior thigh/knee

SID: pain with what positions?

Prolonged sitting/standing/ambulation

SID: PT can include giving external stabilization such as an SIJ ____ Avoid _____ ____ weight bearing - may aggravate pain

Belt Single leg

Varicose veins: What position should you put LE? What position should you avoid? What equipment can you use?

Elevated Avoid crossing legs Can use elastic support stockings

Pre-eclampsia: | Pregnancy induced acute htn after ___ weeks gestation

``` Pre-eclampsia: Symptoms include: ____tension Edema Sudden excess weight ____ HA Visual disturbance _____reflexia ```

HYPERtension Weight gain HYPERreflexia**

Post C-Section Complications: PT Interventions: Post-op TENS for incision pain. How are electrodes placed?

Parallel to incision

``` Post C-Section Complications: PT Interventions: Assist in coughing/breathing and Gentle abd exercises, support with ______ Pelvic floor exercises ```

Pillow

Post C-Section Complications: PT Interventions: Precautions about heavy lifting for ____ weeks

4-6

Post C-Section Complications: PT Interventions: _____ massage

Friction

Disorders of reprod system: Endrometriosis: | Ectopic growth and function of endometrial tissue _____ uterus

OUTSIDE

Disorders of reprod system: Endrometriosis: | Ectopic tissue responds to hormonal influences, but is NOT ABLE TO ______

SHED

Disorders of reprod system: Endrometriosis: | Endometrial tissue can lead to ____/_____

Cysts/rupture

``` Disorders of reprod system: Endrometriosis: Symptoms: Pain Painful _____ Painful _____ Infertility ```

Period | Sex

Disorders of reprod system: Endrometriosis: (Red Flag) _____ pain complaints. Endometrial implants on muscles (_____ _____ and ____ ____) may produce pain with palp or contraction

Back Psoas major Pelvic floor

Disorders of reprod system: Endrometriosis: Tx: Meds for ______ Endometrial _____ Surgery

Pain | Suppression

Disorders of reprod system: Pelvic Inflamm Disease: | Inflammation of ____ ____ ____ involving uterus, fallop tubes or ovaries

Upper reprod tract

Disorders of reprod system: Pelvic Inflamm Disease: | Cause by ______ _____ that ascends thru endocervical canal

Polymicrobial agent

``` Disorders of reprod system: Pelvic Inflamm Disease: Sx: ___ ____ pain after period starts _______ cervical discharge pain in ______ Fever What lab values are increases? ```

Low abdominal Purulent Cervical INC WBC and ESR

Disorders of reprod system: Pelvic Inflamm Disease: Complication: Pelvic adhesions, infertility, _______ pregnancy, chronic _____, abscess

Ectopic | Pain

Disorders of reprod system: Pelvic Inflamm Disease: | meds?

Antibiotics Because caused by polymicrobial agent