OTH: Immune System

Question 1

What are the central structures of the immune system?

Answer 1

Thymus and bone marrow

Question 2

What are the peripheral structures of the immune system?

Answer 2

Lymph nodes
Spleen
Other accessory structures

Question 3

This immune cell is a foreign molecule and illicits the immune response

Answer 3

Antigen

Question 4

Antibodies (or immunuglobulins) are proteins that tag ______

Answer 4

Antigens

Question 5

What are the primary cells of the immune system?

Answer 5

T and B lymphocytes

Question 6

This immune cell presents the antigen to the lymphocytes

Answer 6

Macrophages

Question 7

This immune cell is the master regulator of the immune response - they influence the function of other immune cells

Answer 7

CD4 helper cells

Question 8

The _____ ______ ______ allows the body to recognize threat from self

Answer 8

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

Question 9

Where is the thymus located?

What does the thymus produce?

Answer 9

Behind sternum, above heart, and extends into neck

Produces mature T lymphocytes

Question 10

What cells are found in the lymph nodes?

Answer 10

Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Plasma cells

Question 11

Spleen is found where?

Answer 11

LUQ btw stomach and diaphragm

Question 12

The spleen produces what cells?

Answer 12

Leukocytes
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
And plasma cells

In response to infection

Question 13

Immune response: when you have repeat exposure to an antigen, it activates immunological ______

If you have excess immune response, you form _____ or ______ reactions

Answer 13

Memory

Allergies or autoimmunes rxns

Question 14

Primary immunodeficiency disease is due to a DEFECT in ___ cells, ____ cells, and _____ tissues

Answer 14

T cells
B cells
Lymphoid tissue

Question 15

Example of primary immunodeficiency disease?

Answer 15

Congenital disorder (ex: the organs did not develop and produce mature lymphocytes)

Severe combined immune disease (SCID)

Question 16

Secondary immunodeficiency disease is due to ______ _______ or ____ that depressed the immune system

Answer 16

Underlying patho
Treatment

Ex: leukemia, bone marrow tumor, chronic RM, renal failures, CA tx, organ transplant

Question 17

Autoimmune diseases can be ____ specific or _____

Etiology?

Answer 17

Organ
Systemic

U/K

Question 18

HIV:

What immune cell is decreased?

Answer 18

CD4+ helper cells —> CD4+ T lymphocytopenia

Question 19

HIV:
Stage 1: (Acute HIV infection): ___-Iike symptoms
Within how many weeks after infection?

Answer 19

FLU LIKE

2-4 weeks after infection

Question 20

HIV:
Stage 2: (clinical latency)
Symptomatic/asymptomatic? HIV infection or _____ HIV infection
Decade or more.

Answer 20

Asymptomatic

Chronic

Question 21

HIV:

Stage 3: (______) - most severe, opportunistic illness

Answer 21

STAGE 3 is AIDS

Question 22

HIV: In order for transmission to occur, blood, semen, rectal/vag fluid, breast milk must contact _____ _____, _____ ____, or from _____

Answer 22

Mucous membrane
Damaged tissue
Syringe

Question 23

HIV:

Diagnosis - Positive results from TWO TESTS: what are they?

Answer 23

CD4 count: 500-1200 cells/mm

Testing with HIV1/HIV2 antigen/antibody combo immunoassays

Question 24

AIDS:

What is the diagnosis process?

Answer 24

CD4 count is below 200 cells/mm or certain opportunistic illness

VERY INFECTIOUS

Question 25

AIDS symptoms: failure __ _____

Answer 25

Failure to thrive

Question 26

AIDS malignancy: includes what 3 things?

Answer 26

Kaposi’s sarcoma, non Hodgkins, primary brain lymphoma

Question 27

AIDS: do they have memory problems?

Answer 27

May progress to AIDS dementia complex

Question 28

HIV: is there a cure?

Answer 28

No cure | Without treatment, HIV will progress to AIDS

Question 29

HIV: Meds?

Answer 29

Antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) - decreases the amt of virus, and given in combo with 2-3 other drugs This is not a cure, however

Question 30

HIV: What are some adverse reactions to ARTs?

Answer 30

``` Rash N/V/D HA Dizzy Fatigue Pain ```

Question 31

HIV: ____ management and ____ conservation ____ management

Answer 31

Fatigue Energy Respiratory

Question 32

HIV: what kind of pxns?

Answer 32

Standard

Question 33

HIV: When should you postpone exercise testing?

Answer 33

During acute infections

Question 34

HIV: why should you avoid contact sports?

Answer 34

Increased bleeding risk

Question 35

CFS: Fatigue is prolonged, post exertional malaise will last how long?

Answer 35

Greater than 24 hours

Question 36

CFS: ___ _____ is frequent and recurring

Answer 36

Sore throat

Question 37

``` CFS: Tender ____ _____ Muscle ___ Unrefreshing ______ ___ of new type ```

Answer 37

Lymph nodes Pain Sleep HA

Question 38

CFS: These patients have MULTI-JOINT PAIN Is there edema and redness?

Answer 38

NO SWELLING OR REDNESS

Question 39

CFS: Impairments in ____ ____ memory And have deconditioning and anxiety

Answer 39

Short term

Question 40

CFS: | Etiology?

Answer 40

Unknown | However, immunological abn and neuroendocrine changes are present

Question 41

CFS: Dx/Px: | Must have ___ major criteria and ___ of ___ symptom criteria

Answer 41

2 MAJOR | 4 or more of 8 symptoms

Question 42

CFS: what are the major criteria?

Answer 42

New onset of persistent fatigue (present for at least 6 mos) Doesn’t resolve with bed rest Decreased activity by 50%

Question 43

CFS: more common in what population?

Answer 43

Females | 20-30

Question 44

CFS: ____ recovery, 5-10% recovery completely

Answer 44

Limited

Question 45

CFS: is there a cure?

Answer 45

NO, and no Rx drugs either

Question 46

CFS: | Symptomatic treatment includes what?

Answer 46

Analgesics/NSAIDs for my/arthralgia Nutrition Antidepressants

Question 47

CFS: | ____ _____ is common

Answer 47

Ortho hypo And dyspnea with exercise

Question 48

CFS: _____ _____ ____ and ____ ____ ___

Answer 48

Postural stress syndrome | Movement adaptation syndrome

Question 49

CFS: To measure fatigue use the ____ ____ ____ ____ | Also examine ______

Answer 49

Modified fatigue impact scale Depression

Question 50

FMS: What is the difference btw CFS and FMS

Answer 50

FMS has WIDESPREAD pain and significant trigger points

Question 51

FMS: widespread ______ pain and ______ | And _____ _____

Answer 51

Musculoskeletal Fatigue Other symptoms

Question 52

FMS: | Etiology?

Answer 52

U/K but multifactorial Viral? Maybe after trauma, surgery, infection, or psych stress

Question 53

FMS: | There are immunological abn and neurohumeral abn, just like ____

Answer 53

CFS

Question 54

FMS: Common in pts with _____ disease Can also be ______

Answer 54

Rheumatic Genetic

Question 55

FMS: | F or M?

Answer 55

Females more often

Question 56

FMS: Sx’s 1. Myalgia 2. General ache, persistent _______ 3. ____ disturbance, general ___ stiffness * * 4. Multiple _____ _____ Also cold intol, HA, IBS, cog problems, restless legs, atypical numbness/tingling 5. Anxiety/depression common

Answer 56

Fatigue Sleep, AM Trigger points

Question 57

FMS: Dx with what two criteria?

Answer 57

Widespread pain for at least 3 months | 11/18 positive TPs

Question 58

FMS: is there a cure?

Answer 58

NO

Question 59

FMS: what are the symptomatic management meds?

Answer 59

Relief for pain Antidepressants Anti-seizure drugs Nutrition and psych help also

Question 60

FMS: Pt will have exercise ________ _____ exercise is KEY Avoid _____

Answer 60

Intolerance Daily Overuse

Question 61

FMS: these patients will do well in _______!

Answer 61

Aquatic