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KN JD NPTE: OTHER SYSTEMS > OTH: Immune System > Flashcards

OTH: Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the central structures of the immune system?

A

Thymus and bone marrow

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2
Q

What are the peripheral structures of the immune system?

A

Lymph nodes
Spleen
Other accessory structures

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3
Q

This immune cell is a foreign molecule and illicits the immune response

A

Antigen

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4
Q

Antibodies (or immunuglobulins) are proteins that tag ______

A

Antigens

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5
Q

What are the primary cells of the immune system?

A

T and B lymphocytes

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6
Q

This immune cell presents the antigen to the lymphocytes

A

Macrophages

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7
Q

This immune cell is the master regulator of the immune response - they influence the function of other immune cells

A

CD4 helper cells

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8
Q

The _____ ______ ______ allows the body to recognize threat from self

A

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

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9
Q

Where is the thymus located?

What does the thymus produce?

A

Behind sternum, above heart, and extends into neck

Produces mature T lymphocytes

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10
Q

What cells are found in the lymph nodes?

A

Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Plasma cells

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11
Q

Spleen is found where?

A

LUQ btw stomach and diaphragm

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12
Q

The spleen produces what cells?

A

Leukocytes
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
And plasma cells

In response to infection

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13
Q

Immune response: when you have repeat exposure to an antigen, it activates immunological ______

If you have excess immune response, you form _____ or ______ reactions

A

Memory

Allergies or autoimmunes rxns

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14
Q

Primary immunodeficiency disease is due to a DEFECT in ___ cells, ____ cells, and _____ tissues

A

T cells
B cells
Lymphoid tissue

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15
Q

Example of primary immunodeficiency disease?

A

Congenital disorder (ex: the organs did not develop and produce mature lymphocytes)

Severe combined immune disease (SCID)

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16
Q

Secondary immunodeficiency disease is due to ______ _______ or ____ that depressed the immune system

A

Underlying patho
Treatment

Ex: leukemia, bone marrow tumor, chronic RM, renal failures, CA tx, organ transplant

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17
Q

Autoimmune diseases can be ____ specific or _____

Etiology?

A

Organ
Systemic

U/K

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18
Q

HIV:

What immune cell is decreased?

A

CD4+ helper cells —> CD4+ T lymphocytopenia

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19
Q

HIV:
Stage 1: (Acute HIV infection): ___-Iike symptoms
Within how many weeks after infection?

A

FLU LIKE

2-4 weeks after infection

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20
Q

HIV:
Stage 2: (clinical latency)
Symptomatic/asymptomatic? HIV infection or _____ HIV infection
Decade or more.

A

Asymptomatic

Chronic

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21
Q

HIV:

Stage 3: (______) - most severe, opportunistic illness

A

STAGE 3 is AIDS

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22
Q

HIV: In order for transmission to occur, blood, semen, rectal/vag fluid, breast milk must contact _____ _____, _____ ____, or from _____

A

Mucous membrane
Damaged tissue
Syringe

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23
Q

HIV:

Diagnosis - Positive results from TWO TESTS: what are they?

A

CD4 count: 500-1200 cells/mm

Testing with HIV1/HIV2 antigen/antibody combo immunoassays

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24
Q

AIDS:

What is the diagnosis process?

A

CD4 count is below 200 cells/mm or certain opportunistic illness

VERY INFECTIOUS

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25
Q

AIDS symptoms: failure __ _____

A

Failure to thrive

26
Q

AIDS malignancy: includes what 3 things?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma, non Hodgkins, primary brain lymphoma

27
Q

AIDS: do they have memory problems?

A

May progress to AIDS dementia complex

28
Q

HIV: is there a cure?

A

No cure

Without treatment, HIV will progress to AIDS

29
Q

HIV: Meds?

A

Antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) - decreases the amt of virus, and given in combo with 2-3 other drugs

This is not a cure, however

30
Q

HIV: What are some adverse reactions to ARTs?

A 
Rash
N/V/D
HA
Dizzy
Fatigue
Pain
31
Q

HIV:
____ management and ____ conservation
____ management

A

Fatigue
Energy
Respiratory

32
Q

HIV: what kind of pxns?

A

Standard

33
Q

HIV: When should you postpone exercise testing?

A

During acute infections

34
Q

HIV: why should you avoid contact sports?

A

Increased bleeding risk

35
Q

CFS: Fatigue is prolonged, post exertional malaise will last how long?

A

Greater than 24 hours

36
Q

CFS: ___ _____ is frequent and recurring

A

Sore throat

37
Q 
CFS:
Tender \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_
Muscle \_\_\_
Unrefreshing \_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_ of new type
A

Lymph nodes
Pain
Sleep
HA

38
Q

CFS:
These patients have MULTI-JOINT PAIN
Is there edema and redness?

A

NO SWELLING OR REDNESS

39
Q

CFS:
Impairments in ____ ____ memory
And have deconditioning and anxiety

A

Short term

40
Q

CFS:

Etiology?

A

Unknown

However, immunological abn and neuroendocrine changes are present

41
Q

CFS: Dx/Px:

Must have ___ major criteria and ___ of ___ symptom criteria

A

2 MAJOR

4 or more of 8 symptoms

42
Q

CFS: what are the major criteria?

A

New onset of persistent fatigue (present for at least 6 mos)
Doesn’t resolve with bed rest
Decreased activity by 50%

43
Q

CFS: more common in what population?

A

Females

20-30

44
Q

CFS: ____ recovery, 5-10% recovery completely

A

Limited

45
Q

CFS: is there a cure?

A

NO, and no Rx drugs either

46
Q

CFS:

Symptomatic treatment includes what?

A

Analgesics/NSAIDs for my/arthralgia
Nutrition
Antidepressants

47
Q

CFS:

____ _____ is common

A

Ortho hypo

And dyspnea with exercise

48
Q

CFS: _____ _____ ____ and ____ ____ ___

A

Postural stress syndrome

Movement adaptation syndrome

49
Q

CFS: To measure fatigue use the ____ ____ ____ ____

Also examine ______

A

Modified fatigue impact scale

Depression

50
Q

FMS: What is the difference btw CFS and FMS

A

FMS has WIDESPREAD pain and significant trigger points

51
Q

FMS: widespread ______ pain and ______

And _____ _____

A

Musculoskeletal
Fatigue

Other symptoms

52
Q

FMS:

Etiology?

A

U/K but multifactorial
Viral?
Maybe after trauma, surgery, infection, or psych stress

53
Q

FMS:

There are immunological abn and neurohumeral abn, just like ____

A

CFS

54
Q

FMS:
Common in pts with _____ disease
Can also be ______

A

Rheumatic

Genetic

55
Q

FMS:

F or M?

A

Females more often

56
Q

FMS: Sx’s

  1. Myalgia
  2. General ache, persistent _______
  3. ____ disturbance, general ___ stiffness
    * * 4. Multiple _____ _____

Also cold intol, HA, IBS, cog problems, restless legs, atypical numbness/tingling
5. Anxiety/depression common

A

Fatigue
Sleep, AM
Trigger points

57
Q

FMS: Dx with what two criteria?

A

Widespread pain for at least 3 months

11/18 positive TPs

58
Q

FMS: is there a cure?

A

NO

59
Q

FMS: what are the symptomatic management meds?

A

Relief for pain
Antidepressants
Anti-seizure drugs

Nutrition and psych help also

60
Q

FMS: Pt will have exercise ________
_____ exercise is KEY
Avoid _____

A

Intolerance
Daily
Overuse

61
Q

FMS: these patients will do well in _______!

A

Aquatic

KN JD NPTE: OTHER SYSTEMS (12 decks)

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