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KN JD NPTE: OTHER SYSTEMS > OTH: Hematological System > Flashcards

OTH: Hematological System Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma is ____ of total blood volume

_____ part of blood and lymph

A

55%

Liquid

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2
Q

Plasma proteins include what? (3)

A

Albumin
Globulin
Fibrinogen

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3
Q

What makes up 45% of total blood volume?

A

Erythrocytes (RBCs)

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4
Q

RBCs contain _______, which transport O2

A

Hemoglobin

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5
Q

RBC is produced in ______ of long bones, and controlled by _____

A

Marrow

Hormones

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6
Q

How long do RBC survive?

A

120 days

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7
Q

What makes up 1% of TBV?

A

Leukocytes (WBCs)

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8
Q

WBCs function in immune process as __________

Produced in ___ ______

A

Phagocytes

Bone marrow

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9
Q

5 types of WBCs?

A 
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils
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10
Q

The normal function and generation of blood cells in bone marrow is called what?

A

Hematopoeisis

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11
Q

Disorders of hematopoiesis include what 2 things?

A

Aplastic anemia

Leukemia

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12
Q

CBC will determine the # of what?

A

WBC
RBC
Platelets

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13
Q

ESR is the rate of ____ settling out in tube of unclotted blood
Increased with what?

A

RBC

Inflammation

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14
Q

The termination or arrest of blood flow by mechanical or chemical process is called?

A

Hemostasis

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15
Q

Blood clotting requires:
______ produced in bone marrow,
____ _____ factor produced by endothelium of blood vessels, and
____ factors produced by the liver (vit k)

A

Platelets
von Willebrands
Clot

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16
Q

When you have hypercoagulation disorders, it is because yo have increased _____ function

A

Platelet

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17
Q

Name some conditions in which you have hypercoagulation disorders?

A 
CHF
CA
Pregnancy
Birth control
Immobility
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18
Q

Hypocoagulation (bleeding) seen in ______ defects seen in bone marrow dysfunction and thrombocytopenia (low platelets)

A

Platelet

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19
Q

Hypocoagulation is seen in ______ and ____ ____ disease

A

Hemophilia

Von willebrands

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20
Q

Hypocoagulation is also seen in ______ disorders such as having hemorrhagic spider veins, vitamin __ deficiency, ______ disease, senile pupura

A

Vascular
C
Cushing’s

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21
Q

Shock: is when you have decreased ___ ___ to tissues
Associated with ______
Inadequate ____ _____
Changes in peripheral blood resistance

A

Blood flow
Hypotension
Cardiac output

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22
Q

Hypovolemic shock can be due to ____, ____, _____

A

Hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea

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23
Q 
Hypovolemic shock:
Loss of body \_\_\_\_\_\_ with dehydration
\_\_\_\_\_\_ disease
Burns
Pancreatitis
Peritonitis
A

Fluid

Addison’s

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24
Q

Shock: Orthostatic changes = drop in BP of _____ mmHg or more
Pulse and RR (inc/dec?)

A

10-20

Increase

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25
Q

When a pt is in shock, how should you position them?

A

SUPINE
Or MOD TRENDELENBERG
To allow for venous return

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26
Q

Symptoms of hematologist disorders include:
Easy ________
Spontaneous ________
External _______

A

Bruising
Petechiae
Hematomas

27
Q

Long term use of certain drugs (______, ________) can cause bleeding and anemia

A

NSAIDS

Steroids

28
Q

Hematological disorders:

Red Flag: extreme caution with ______ _____ and _______ (mechanical compression)

A

Manual therapy

Modalities

29
Q

Hematological Disorders: What kind of exercise is CONTRA?

A

STRENUOUS

Inc risk for hemorrhage

30
Q

Anemia:
Decreased ____ in blood
Decreased _____ production: nutritional deficiency
Decreased ____ ____ stimulation: bone marrow failure, genetic
Destruction of ____ from autoimmune, sickle cell, parasites, RA, TB, CA
Loss of _____: due to trauma, wound, bleeding, peptic ulcer, inc period

A 
Hgl
RBC
Bone marrow
RBC
Blood
31
Q

Anemia: Decreased bone marrow stimulation is a sign of ________

A

HYPO thyroidism

32
Q 
Anemia: Sx:
Fatigue, weak with \_\_\_ exertion
DOE
\_\_\_\_\_/\_\_\_\_\_ face, nails beds, lips
Tachy/Brady? Cardia
Bleeding of gums/skin without \_\_\_\_\_
Severe: \_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_ damage, HF
A 
MINIMAL
Pallor/yellow
TACHYcardia
Trauma
LIVER and KIDNEY
33
Q

Anemia: might need a ________

Nutritional support

A

Transfusion

34
Q

Anemia: _______ exercise tolerance. Institute gradually and need ___ approval. Use _____

A

Decreased
MD
RPE

35
Q

Sickle Cell Disease:
How does a pt get SCD?
What kind of blood cell disorder?

A

It is INHERITED (autosomal recessive)
RBC disorder
Hgl is abnormal

36
Q

Sickle Cell Disease: RBC are what shape?

A

Crescent or sickle shaped, not biconcave like they should be

37
Q

Sickle Cell Disease: sickle cell anemia: Hgl is released into ______ with decreased ____ delivery to tissues d/t bone marrow aplasia…. spleen involvement

A

Plasma

O2

38
Q

Sickle Cell Disease: May have vasoocclusion due to the misshaped RBCs, which can result in _______

A

Ischemia

39
Q

Sickle Cell Disease: Sickle Cell Crisis:

Acute episodic condition in ____ with SCA

A

KIDS

40
Q

Sickle Cell Disease: Sickle Cell Crisis:
Sx’s:
______: acute to severe from sickle cell clots formed in any organ, bone, joint
Acute ______ pain with visceral hypoxia
Pain and swelling of soft tissues of _____ and _____
Persistent _____
Bone and joint crisis in _____ and _____ pain

A 
PAIN
Abdominal
Hands and feet
Headache
Extremities, back
41
Q

Sickle Cell Disease: Sickle Cell Crisis:

Neuro Sx’s include?

A

Dizzy
Convulsion
Nystagmus

42
Q

Sickle Cell Disease: Sickle Cell Crisis:

Pulm Sx’s include?

A

Chest pain
Cough
Dyspnea
Tachypnea

43
Q 
Sickle Cell Disease: Complications:
Vascular: 
Stroke
Chronic \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_
Bone \_\_\_\_\_\_
AVN of \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ syndrome
A

Leg ulcers
Bone infarcts
Fem head
Hand foot (sausage fingers)

44
Q

Sickle Cell Disease: Complications:

Pulmonary: ____

A

Htn

45
Q

Sickle Cell Disease: Complications:
Neuro:
Parasthesias, CN palsy, blindness, _______

A

Hemiplegia

46
Q

Sickle Cell Disease: Complications:
Renal issues

Anemic crisis: rapid drop in _____
Aplastic crisis: severe anemia associated with acute viral, bacteria, or fungal infection, increased susceptibility to _________
Splenic: _____ and _____ enlarge; also spleen ______

A

Hgl
Infection
Liver and spleen, atrophy

47
Q

Sickle Cell Disease: Meds:

  1. Transfusions of packed ___ cells in acute anemic crisis/severe
  2. Meds that stim _____ production
  3. Analgesics/narcotics
  4. Short term ___ therapy
  5. Hydration, electrolyte replacement
  6. Antibiotics, infection control
  7. Oral _______ to relief pain of vaso-occlusion; however this will inc bleeding risk
  8. Splenectomy maybe
  9. Bone marrow transplant
  10. Renal transfusion/_________
  11. ____ cell transfusion
A
  1. Red
  2. HbF
  3. O2
  4. Anticoagulants
  5. Dialysis
  6. Stem cell
48
Q

Sickle Cell Disease: PT:

During sickle cell event, ___ control

A

Pain

49
Q

Sickle Cell Disease: PT:

What is contraindicated?

A

COLD — because it will increase vasoconstriction and sickling

50
Q

Sickle Cell Disease: PT:
Exercise ______ common
Will have exaggerated ____ response to exercise
___ to ____ exercise

A

Intolerance
HR
Low to mod

51
Q

Hemophilia: group of bleeding disorders inherited as ____ ____ ___ disorder

A

Sex linked recessive

52
Q

Hemophilia: affects what gender?

A

Males

53
Q

Hemophilia:
_____ _____ VIII deficiency (hemophilia A) - most common
_____ _____ IX deficiency (hemo B)

A

CLOTTING FACTOR

54
Q

Hemophilia: bleeding is spontaneous OR a result of _____

A

Trauma

55
Q

Hemophilia: hemarthrosis is bleeding into the ____ space, specifically where (4 places)?

A

Joint

Elbow, hip, knee, ankle

56
Q

Hemophilia: Hemarthrosis:
Joint will be _____ and _____, ______ with dec ROM
Long term: chronic synovial and arthropathy

A

SWOLLEN and WARM, and PAIN

57
Q

Hemophilia: Hemorrhage into muscles is common where (3 places)

A

Forearm flexors
Gastroc-soleus complex
Iliopsoas

58
Q

Hemophilia: Med management
Blood _____, factor replacement therapy
_________ - NOT _________
No ____ during acute bleed

A

Infusion
Acetaminophen (Tylenol), NOT aspirin —> inc bleeding
no WB

59
Q

Hemophilia: Complications:

  1. Joint contractures in what areas?
  2. Muscle weakness
  3. Leg ____ _______
  4. Postural _____
  5. Dec aerobic fitness
  6. Gait deviations including what 2 things?
  7. ADL decreased
A
  1. Hip, knee, elbow flexors, PFs
  2. Leg length discrepancy
  3. Scoliosis
  4. Equinus gait, decreased knee extension torque
60
Q

Hemophilia: PT exam:

Always look for clinical symptoms of acute bleeding which include what?

A 
Dec ROM
Stiffness
Pain
Swelling
Tender
Heat
61
Q

Hemophilia: What is the PT interventions for ACUTE?

A

RICE

Prevent deformity

62
Q

Hemophilia: What are the PT interventions for SUBACUTE?

  1. _____ ____ before therapy
  2. _____ exercise and _____ therapy early
  3. _____ management (TENS, etc)
  4. Active assisted exercise progressing to active, isokinetic, ____ chain Ex
  5. Contracture mngmt
  6. Functional and gait training — _____/____ for young boys
A
  1. Factor replacement
  2. Isometric, aquatic
  3. Pain
  4. Open
  5. Helmet/pads
63
Q

Hemophilia: What is the PT interventions for CHRONIC?

A

Daily HEP
OP PT
Adaptive PE maybe for kids

64
Q

Hemophilia: What is the PT interventions SUBACUTE?

What muscles do you want to strengthen?

A

Hip, knee, elbow extensors, and DF

KN JD NPTE: OTHER SYSTEMS (12 decks)

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