OTC Dosing: Midterm Flashcards
Racepinephrine
B: Asthmanefrin D: 2.25% Nebulizer solution F: 1-3 inhalations, not more than every 3hr M: 12 inhalations per day SE: Tachycardia, nervousness
Bronkaid
G: Ephedrine / Guaifenesin D: 25mg ephedrine, 400mg guaifenesin F: 1 tablet Q 4hr PRN M: 6 tablets per day SE: - Ephedrine: palpitations, tachycardia, arrhythmias - Guaifenesin: nephrolithiasis
Primatene
G: Ephedrine / Guaifenesin D: 12.5mg ephedrine, 200mg guaifenesin F: 1-2 tablets Q 4hr PRN M: 12 tablets per day SE: - Ephedrine: palpitations, tachycardia, arrhythmias - Guaifenesin: nephrolithiasis
Epinephrine Inhaler
B: Primatene Mist
D: Epinephrine 0.125 mg per spray
F: Inhale 1 puff by mouth, may repeat x1 after one minute if symptoms not relieved
M: 8 inhalations in 24 hours
SE: restlessness, excitability, palpitations, headache
Clotrimazole
B: Lotrimin AF, Cruex D: 1% topical cream F: Apply to affected area twice daily for 2 weeks (cruris) or 4 weeks (pedis, corporis) M: N/A SE: mild skin irritation (sting, burn)
Tolnaftate
B: Tinactin, Fungi-Guard
D: 1% (Topical cream, gel, solution, powder)
F: Apply to affected area twice daily for 2-4 weeks
M: N/A
SE: Stinging
Aluminum salts
B: Burow’s solution, Domeboro
D: Mix 1-3 packets in 16 ounces of water, soak affected area for 15-30 minutes, repeat 3 times daily
F: Up to 1 week
M: N/A
SE: skin dryness, burn, sting, tissue necrosis
Insulin regular (bolus)
B: Novolin R, Humulin R
Type 1 diabetes:
- Initial: 0.2-0.5 units/kg/day
- Divide 1/2 daily dose as basal and 1/2 daily dose bolus
- Dose individualized up to 1 unit/kg/day
Type 2 diabetes:
- Initial: single dose of basal insulin (conservative starting dose)
- 10 units daily empirically OR
- 0.1-0.2 units/kg per day
- 0.3-0.4 units/kg per day if severe hyperglycemia
- Usually administered at bedtime (SubQ injection)
F: - Insulin regular: BID – QID (30 min b4 meals) - Insulin NPH: once or twice daily M: Individualized SE: weight gain, hypoglycemia
Insulin NPH (intermediate/basal)
B: Novolin N, Humulin N
Type 1 diabetes:
- Initial: 0.2-0.5 units/kg/day
- Divide 1/2 daily dose as basal and 1/2 daily dose bolus
- Dose individualized up to 1 unit/kg/day
Type 2 diabetes:
- Initial: single dose of basal insulin (conservative starting dose)
- 10 units daily empirically OR
- 0.1-0.2 units/kg per day
- 0.3-0.4 units/kg per day if severe hyperglycemia
- Usually administered at bedtime (SubQ injection)
F: - Insulin regular: BID – QID (30 min b4 meals) - Insulin NPH: once or twice daily M: Individualized SE: weight gain, hypoglycemia
Salicylic Acid
B: Dr. Scholl’s, Trans-ver-sal, Compound W
Plaster vehicle (disks and pads): 12%-40%
- Apply 1 patch to wart, callus, or corn
- Repeat every 48 hours as needed
- Maximum 14 days
Collodion-like vehicle: 12%-17.6%
- Apply 1 drop directly to lesion until
covered, twice daily
- Maximum 14 days
M: N/A
SE: redness, irritation
Dimethyl ether + propane
B: Compound W, Freeze Off Wart Removal System
- Place tip on wart for 20-40 seconds
- Repeat after 10-14 days, up to 3x
M: N/A
SE: blistering, scarring, hypo/hyper pigmentation
Naphazoline eye drops
B: Naphcon
D: 1-2 gtts up to qid
Max: 72 hours
SE: pupil dilation, rebound congestion
Tetrahydrozoline eye drops
B: Opti Clear, Visine Original
D: 1-2 gtts q 4h
Max: 72 hours
SE: pupil dilation, rebound congestion
Phenylephrine eye drops
D: 1-2 gtts up to qid
Max: 72 hours
SE: pupil dilation, rebound congestion
Oxymetazoline eye drops
B: Visine LR
D: 1-2 gtts q 6h
Max: 72 hours
SE: pupil dilation, rebound congestion
Ketotifen eye drops
B: Zaditor, Alaway
D: 1 gtts twice daily
SE: Burning, stinging and slight ?
Naphazoline and Pheniramine eye drops
B: Naphcon A
D: 1-2 gtts up to qid
Max: 72 hours
SE: pupil dilation, rebound congestion, burning, stinging and slight ?
Naphazoline and Antazoline
B: Albalon A
D: 1-2 gtts up to qid
Max: 72 hours
SE: pupil dilation, rebound congestion, burning, stinging and slight ?
Carbamide peroxide
B: Debrox, Murine
D/F: Impacted Cerumen, 6.5% drops
- Instill 5-10 drops twice daily in the affected ear(s) for up to 4 days
SE: transient stinging
Isopropyl alcohol with anhydrous glycerin
B: Auro-Dri, Swim Ear Drops D/F: Swimmers Ear - 95% Isopropyl alcohol - After shower/swim, apply 4-5 drops into ear - Keep drops in ear for several minutes SE: ear pain, itch, irritation, warmth
Aluminum acetate solution
B: Burow’s Solution, Domeboro D/F: Contact Dermatitis of the ear - 5% solution - Mix 1-3 packets in 16 ounces of water - Soak affected area for 15-30 minutes - Repeat 3 times daily - Up to 1 week SE: skin dryness, burning, stinging, tissue necrosis
Hydrocortisone (0.5-1%) (FOR EAR)
B: Cortisone
D/F: Psoriasis of the ear topical cream or ointment: BID-TID until improved
Max: 7 days, then PRN only
SE: Infection, skin injury (prolonged use, especially on face!) such as skin atrophy, acneiform eruptions, irritation, folliculitis, skin tightening & cracking
Pyrithione zinc 0.3-2% Shampoo
B: Head & Shoulders
Dandruff:
- Usual dose: Apply for 5-10 minutes then rinse 2-3x weekly until symptom control, then decrease to q1-2 weeks
Seborrheic Dermatitis (scalp use shampoo; skin on face or body use ointment, cream or gel): Daily (1st wk), then 2-3x weekly (4 wks), then weekly
SE: skin irritation
Ketoconazole 1% Shampoo
B: Nizoral
Dandruff:
Usual dose: Apply for 5-10 minutes then rinse, 2-3x weekly until symptom control, then decrease to q1-2 weeks
Seborrheic Dermatitis (scalp): Daily (1st wk), then 2-3x weekly (4 wks), then weekly
SE: hair loss or abnormal texture,
skin irritation or dryness
Coal tar 0.5-5%
B: Denorex
Dandruff:
- Usual dose: Apply for 5-10 minutes then rinse, 2-3x weekly until symptom control, then decrease to q1-2 weeks
Seborrheic Dermatitis (scalp use shampoo; skin on face or body use ointment, cream or gel): - Daily (1st wk), then 2-3x weekly (4 wks), then weekly
Psoriasis-chronic phase (skin on face or body use ointment, cream or gel):
- Usually applied overnight, washed off in the morning
SE: skin irritation, photosensitization, dermatitis, may stain hair/clothes/jewelry, unpleasant odor/color
Salicylic Acid (1.8-3%) Shampoo
B: T-Sal Therapeutic Shampoo, Cerave
Dandruff: Usual dose: Apply for 5-10 minutes, then rinse 2-3x weekly until symptom control, then decrease to q1-2 weeks
Seborrheic Dermatitis (scalp use shampoo; skin on face or body use ointment, cream or gel): Daily (1st wk), then 2-3x weekly (4 wks), then weekly
Psoriasis (body use ointment, cream or gel):
- Apply 1 to 4 times daily
Acne (cleanser or gel):
Use once or twice a day to affected area only. Referrer after 6 weeks if no improvements
SE:
- Skin irritation, altered hair appearance
- Psoriasis: avoid application over large areas
- Acne: comedolytic, hypersensitivity reaction, excessive peeling, sun sensitivity
Selenium Sulfide (1%)
B: Selsun Blue
Dandruff:
- Usual dose: Apply for 5-10 minutes then rinse, 2-3x weekly until symptom control, then decrease to q1-2 weeks
Seborrheic Dermatitis (scalp): - Daily (1st wk), then 2-3x weekly (4 wks), then weekly
SE: may discolor hair, especially light colors, may cause oily scalp
Sulfur (2-5%) Shampoo
B: Sulfur8
Dandruff:
- Usual dose: Apply for 5-10 minutes then rinse, 2-3x weekly until symptom control, then decrease to q1-2 weeks
Seborrheic Dermatitis (scalp use shampoo; skin on face or body use ointment, cream, or gel): - Daily (1st wk), then 2-3x weekly (4 wks), then weekly
SE: skin irritation, altered hair appearance
Hydrocortisone (0.5-1%) (seborrhea for acute exacerbations)
B: Cortisone
Seborrheic Dermatitis (around the scalp edges apply cream or ointment):
- BID-TID until improved
- Max 7 days, then PRN only
Psoriasis-acute flares (body): 1% ointment up to twice day for 7 days then PRN
SE: Infection, skin injury (prolonged use, especially on face!) such as skin atrophy, acneiform eruptions, irritation, folliculitis, skin tightening & cracking
Docosanol
B: Abreva
10% cream - Apply to affected area 5x daily as soon as onset of symptoms (e.g tingling) - Referral if no improvement after 14 days
Max: 5 topical applications per day
SE: burn/tingling
