OTC Dosing: Final Flashcards
Hydroquinone
2% cream
• Apply to affected area twice daily
- If no improvement after 2 months, discontinue
MAX: 2 topical applications/day
SE: Mild tingling, burning, hypopigmentation
Minoxidil
Rogaine
2% topical solution; 5% topical solution
• Apply 1 mL twice daily topically to area where growth is desired
• Allow 2-4 hrs to penetrate scalp
5% aerosol foam
• For men apply 1⁄2 capful twice daily to area where hair is desired
• For women apply 1⁄2 capful daily to area where hair is desired
- Treat for at least 4 months to stimulate hair growth
MAX: Aerosol foam: 1⁄2-1 capful/day
Orlistat
Alli
60mg oral capsule
• 1 capsule by mouth TID with each main meal containing fat
• Take during the meal or up to 1 hour after the meal
• If meal is missed or contains no fat, the dose can be omitted
MAX: 180 mg/day
SE: GI (flatulence, loose stools, fatty stools, fecal urgency, oily spotting)
Petrolatum
Vaseline
Apply 3-4 times/day
Do not apply over puncture wounds, laceration or broken skin
Aluminum acetate
Burow’s solution, Domeboro
- Dilute 1:40 before use
- Mix 1 packet or 1 tablet in 16 ounces of water (or 1 pint water)
- Soak affected area for 15-30 minutes BID-QID
Up to 2 days for acute dermatitis
SE: Skin dryness, burning, stinging, tissue necrosis
Calamine Lotion
Apply as needed to affected area 3-4x/day
MAX: 7 days
SE: minimal adverse effects; ok for adults, children, and infants
DEET, Insect repellent
Repel 100, Coleman DEET
Repellant Insect bites (sprays, solutions, creams, wipes):
- Most adults: 10-40% (>20% to repel ticks)
- Children: <30%
AVOID in <2 months old
Apply every 4 to 8 hours
SE: skin irritation and toxic if ingested
Synergized pyrethrins: Lice treatment
Nix
- Children > 2 years of age
Administration
• Apply to dry hair x10 minutes, lather and rinse over
sink (for foam, remove with shampoo or soap and water)
• Comb with lice comb after treatment
• Repeat treatment in 7-10 days to kill remaining nits
MAX: Do not apply more than 2x in 24 hr
SE: very low toxicity; skin irritation, erythema, itching, swelling
Permethrin: Lice treatment
Rid, Nix
- children > 2 months
Administration
• Cream rinse to cover shampooed, wet, but towel-dried, hair and scalp
• Leave on scalp for 10 minutes before rinsing
• Comb with lice comb
• Rinse over sink with warm (not hot) water rather than bath/shower
• Re-treatment not required unless active lice detected
• Leaves hair residue to kill remaining nymphs not initially killed
• Suggest re-treat (day 9)
SE: very low toxicity, transient pruritus, burning, stinging, irritation
Dimethicone 4% lotion: Lice treatment
Vamousse
Leave on for 8 hours then wash
SE: Mild irritation
Diphenhydramine
Benadryl
Topical Diphenhydramine for Itching (insect bites): Diphenhydramine (0.5-2%) Cream
- Apply to bite area up to 3-4x/day
- MAX: 7 days
SE: photosensitivity and hypersensitivity rxn
Topical Local Anesthetics: Benzocaine, Lidocaine
Itching-Insect bites (creams, ointments, aerosols, lotions):
- Apply to bite area up to 3-4x/day
- MAX: 7 days
SE: relatively nontoxic (may cause allergic contact dermatitis)
Zinc Oxide Titanium Oxide (Insect Bites)
Itching-Insect bites:
- Apply as needed to affected area 3-4x/day
- MAX: 7 days
SE: minimal adverse effects; ok for adults, children, and infants
Hydrocortisone 0.5-1%
Cortisone
Hydrocortisone cream or ointment
- Apply to bite area 3-4x/day for up to 7 days
SE: Infection, skin injury (prolonged use, especially on face!) such as skin atrophy, acneiform eruptions, irritation, folliculitis, skin tightening & cracking
*under insect bites and dermatitis but same stuff
Benzoyl peroxide (2.5- 10%)-Acne
Neutrogena, Clean and Clear
- Cream, gel solutions and lotions:
Apply daily for 1 -2 weeks and can increase to 2-3 times/day over a period of 2-3 days as tolerated - Foam: Apply daily
- Cleansing lotion, foaming agent, cleansing bars, or liquid:
Wash affected area 1-3 times/day - Facial Mask: Apply once weekly to once daily
Refer after 6 weeks if no improvement
SE: peeling, redness, stinging, burning, local and systemic hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis
Adapalene gel 0.1% Acne treatment
Differin
Acne: Ages>12 older
Apply once daily at bedtime
Refer after 6 weeks if no improvements
SE: mild irritation, redness, scaling, drying, stinging
Sulfur
Sulfar Mask
- Apply thin film 3 times daily
SE: Acne: Dry skin, noticeable odor and comedogenic
Sulfur Combination with Resorcinol-Acne (adjunctive treatment)
Clearasil
1-3x times daily
Refer after 6 weeks if no improvements
SE: chalky yellow color, unpleasant odor
Dimenhydrinate
Dramamine
Motion sickness
- Adults (>12 years old) 50-100 mg every 4-6 hours
- Children 6 to <12 years 25-50mg every 6 to 8 hours
- Children <6 years old 12.5-25mg every 6 to 8 hours
MAX:
- Adults: 400mg/day
- Children 6 to <12 yrs: 150mg/day
- Children <6 yr: 75mg/day
SE: sedation
Meclizine
Dramamine All Day, Bonine Motion Sickness
Adults >12 years
25-50mg 1hour before travel
MAX: 50mg/day
SE: sedation
Cyclizine
Bonine
- Adults >12 yr: 50mg 30minutes before travel, then 50mg every 4-6 hours
- Children 6 to <12 yr: 25mg every 6-8 hours
MAX:
- Adults >12: 200 mg/day
- Children 6 to <12: 75 mg/day
SE: sedation
Diphenhydramine: NV
Benadryl
- Adults (>12 years old): 25-50 mg every 4 hours
- Children 6 to <12 years: 12.5-25mg every 4 hours
- Children <6 years old: 6.25mg every 4 hours
MAX
- Adults: 300mg/day
- Children 6 to <12 yrs: 150mg/day
- Children <6 yr: 25mg/day
SE: sedation
Sun Screens
Coppertone
Apply 15 to 30 minutes before UV exposure and every 15 to 30 minutes thereafter (follow manufacturer’s instructions).
Topical Local Anesthetics: Benzocaine, Lidocaine (Burns)
Lanacane
Creams, Ointments, Solutions
- Use in adults/children 2+: clean the affected area and apply a small amount to affected area not more than 1 to 3 times daily
- Refer if condition worsens, or symptoms persists for more than 7 days
Sprays
- Shake can well, hold 6” to 12” from affected area; spray liberally.
- Adults/children 2+: apply to affected area not more than 3 to 4 times daily. Refer if condition worsens, or symptoms persists for more than 7 days
SE: nontoxic (may cause allergic contact dermatitis)
