Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

5112 > OTC contraception > Flashcards

OTC contraception Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factors for unintended pregnancy

A
  • not using contraception
  • inconsistent or incorrect use of contraceptive methods (or failure; lots of error with the pill)
  • forced intercourse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

unintended pregnancy adverse maternal and child health outcomes

A
  • delayed prenatal care
  • premature birth
  • negative physical and mental health effects (unexpected and increased costs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Menstrual cycle: FSH and LH

A

regulate follicular development and ovulation in ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Menstrual cycle: LH surge

A

signal for ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Menstrual cycle: Estrogen and Progesterone

A

regulate changes in uterus to lining (endometrium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Menstrual cycle: first day of menses

A

day 1 of cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Three contraceptive mechanisms

A
  • block sperm (condoms)
  • disable sperm (spermicide)
  • suppress ovulation (pill)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fertilization and implantation cycle

A
  • ovulation
  • oocyte
  • fertilization
  • zygote (fertilized egg)
  • 4-cell stage (2 days)
  • Morula (solid ball of blastomeres, 3 days)
  • early blastocyst (4 days)
  • implanting blastocyst (7 days)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

OTC contraceptive considerations

A
  • Efficacy (#1)
  • safety
  • cultural and religious beliefs
  • future reproductive plans
  • complexity
  • STD protection (only condoms)
  • Cost
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Natural contraceptive methods

A
  • ovulation test

- withdrawal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Non-hormonal contraception

A
  • Barrier methods
  • IUD
  • Sterilization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Barrier methods

A
  • diaphragm
  • cervical cap
  • condom
  • spermicide
  • sponge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

IUD

A

Copper Intrauterine Device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hormonal methods: combined estrogen/progesterone

A
  • combined oral contraceptives (also emergency)
  • Transdermal (patch, Zulane)
  • Vaginal ring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hormonal methods: progestin only

A
  • progestin only pills (also emergency)
  • long-acting injectable (depo)
  • long-acting implantable
  • intrauterine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Perfect vs typical use

A

Perfect: potential for effectiveness
Actual: actual effectiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tiers of family planning methods

A

Tier 1: implant/IUD; may be dispensed with Rx at specialty pharmacy
Tier 2: diaphragm/cervical cap
Dispensed with RX or Behind the counter
Tier 3: OTC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which tier is least effective

A

Tier 3 (OTC): condoms, sponge, spermicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Natural: Fertility awareness method effectiveness

A

Typical use: 76% effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Natural: withdrawal effectiveness

A

perfect use: 96%

typical use: 78%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Barrier methods

A

block sperm: mechanical or chemical barrier

Disable sperm: harmful to sperm itself, disrupts motility (cannot enter cervix)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Spermicides

A

Active drug: Nonoxynol-9 (N-9)
MOA: damages sperm cell membranes (disables)
Least effective (perfect: 82%, typical: 72%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Spermicides: counseling

A
  • apply intravaginally before intercourse
  • may be used with other barrier methods
  • wash hands before and after use
  • douching NOT necessary; if desired, wait at lease 6 hours after intercourse
  • NO protection from STD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Spermicide fomulations

A

Gynol jelly: nonoxynol-9 2%
Foam: nonoxynol-9 12.5%
suppository: nonoxynol-9 100mg
film: 28%

25
Q

Gel advantages/disadvantages

A

A: lubricating
D: some available only for purchase with barrier device

26
Q

Foam advantages/disadvantages

A

A: distributes more evenly and adheres better than gel
D: less lubricating than gel

27
Q

Suppository advantage/disadvantage

A

A: easy to use and carry; less messy
D: must dissolve first and may not completely dissolve

28
Q

Film advantage/disadvantage

A

A: easy to use and carry, longer duration of action, less messy
D: most difficult form to use, must dissolve first

29
Q

Gel (alone): onset and duration

A

O: immediate
D: 1 hour
Application time before intercourse: up to 1 hour

30
Q

Gel (diaphragm): onset and duration

A

O: immediate
D: 24 hours
Application time: up to 1 hour before

31
Q

Gel (cervical cap): onset and duration

A

O: immediate
D: 48 ours
Application time: up to 1 hour before

32
Q

Foam: onset and duration

A

O: immediate
D: 1 hour
Application time: up to 1 hour before

33
Q

Suppository: onset and duration

A

O: 10 min
D: 1 hour
Application time: 10 min before

34
Q

Film: onset and duration

A

O: 15 min
D: 1-3 hours
Application time: 15 min before

35
Q

Sponge

A

Today sponge: nonoxynol-9, 1000mg

Least effective: perfect 91%, typical 88%

36
Q

Sponge: counseling

A
  • may be left in vagina and used for repeated use for 24 hours
  • remove sponge 6 hours after last act of intercourse
  • do not leave in for more than 6 hours
37
Q

What can condoms protect against

A

most STD’s

Will not protect against herpes, HPV, or any open sores not covered

38
Q

Condoms

A

complaints: localized itching (switch brands)
Risk factors for use-related failure: use of oil based lubricants with latex condoms
common cause of use-related failure: lack of consistent, proper use

39
Q

Male condoms

A

SEE CHART

40
Q

Condoms: lubricants

A

Lubricant must also be applied outside of the condom after it is placed:
Use water-based NOT oil based

41
Q

Male Vs Female Condom

A

SEE CHART

Female condom: only one size; least effective (perfect: 95%, typical: 79%)

42
Q

Diaphragm and Cervical cap

A
  • moderately effective
  • wait 6 hours after sex to remove
  • can be washed and reused
  • risk for UTI with extended use
43
Q

Diaphragm

A
  • moderately effective (perfect: 94%, typical: 88% with spermicide)
  • latex or silicone
  • larger than cervical cap
  • may need fitting by physician
  • can be worn up to 24 hours
44
Q

Cervical cap

A
  • moderately effective (perfect: 74%, typical: 60% with spermicide)
  • silicone
  • 3 sizes, fitting not necessary
  • can be worn up to 48 hours
45
Q

Barrier methods advantages and disadvantages

A

A: STI protection (condoms)
no hormonal SE
D: less effective than hormonal, increased risk for UTI/STDs, vaginal insertion/removal

46
Q

Emergency contraception (EC): candidates

A
  • women who have had unprotected intercourse
  • failure of contraceptive method
  • exposure to teratogenic material
47
Q

EC options

A
  • levonorgestrel (progestin only): Plan B, Next Choice
  • ulipristal acetate (Ella)
  • Combo oral contraceptive (estrogen-progestin): Yuzpe method
  • Copper IUD (paragard)
48
Q

EC mechanisms

A
  • disables sperm (chemical barrier): thickens cervical mucus, inhibition of motility
  • prevents follicular maturation and ovulation
  • prevents implantation of fertilized egg as long as implantation has not occurred
  • will not cause abortion
49
Q

EC mechanims

A
  • disable sperm

- suppress ovulation

50
Q

EC efficacy

A
  • relative to time AFTER unprotected intercourse
  • 95% if taken within 24 hours
  • 89% if taken within 72 hours
  • efficacy declines the closer a woman is to ovulation
51
Q

EC accessibility

A

SEE CHART

52
Q

Estrogen actions

A
  • ovarian and pituitary inhibition –> suppresses ovulation (estrogen more effective)
  • thins and increases cervical mucus
  • endometrial proliferation
53
Q

Progestin actions

A
  • ovarian and pituitary inhibition –> suppresses ovulation (estrogen more effective)
  • thickens cervical mucus –> disables sperm
  • endometrial thinning and transformation –> inhibits implantation of fertilized egg
54
Q

Levonorgestrel

A
  • progestin only
  • 1.5 mg tablet ONCE
  • or 0.75 mg x 2 tablets once
  • Plan B, My Way, Take Action, Next Choice
  • approved for up to 3 days after intercourse
  • may be less effective in BMI > 26
55
Q

Ulipristal Acetate (UPA)

A
  • Ella
  • 30mg tablet PO at once
  • Rx needed (or via EC protocol without)
  • Mechanism: Selective-progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM)
  • Delays or inhibits ovulation (like progestin)
  • Directly blocks follicular rupture
  • Endometrial thinning –> prevents implantation
56
Q

Combo: Yuzpe Method

A
  • high doses of combined EE (100mcg) and Levonorgestrel (0.5mg)
  • 2 doses, 12 hours apart
  • available via EC protocol
  • less commonly used
57
Q

Yuzpe method dosing

A

SEE CHART

- dose is dependent on drugs contained in the pill

58
Q

EC - General counseling

A
  • how and when to take
  • Side effects:
    • vomiting: take with food, take antiemetic before and after, if vomiting occurs within 2 hours, another dose should be taken
  • encourage barrier method use for 7 days
  • most effective when used as soon as possible after intercourse
59
Q

Copper Intrauterine Device (IUD)

A
  • ParaGard
  • 5 days after unprotected intercourse
  • Copper ions block sperm motility
  • 99% effective
  • long term

5112 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions