Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

5112 > OTC contraception > Flashcards

OTC contraception Flashcards

1
Q

Risk factors for unintended pregnancy

A
  • not using contraception
  • inconsistent or incorrect use of contraceptive methods (or failure; lots of error with the pill)
  • forced intercourse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

unintended pregnancy adverse maternal and child health outcomes

A
  • delayed prenatal care
  • premature birth
  • negative physical and mental health effects (unexpected and increased costs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Menstrual cycle: FSH and LH

A

regulate follicular development and ovulation in ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Menstrual cycle: LH surge

A

signal for ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Menstrual cycle: Estrogen and Progesterone

A

regulate changes in uterus to lining (endometrium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Menstrual cycle: first day of menses

A

day 1 of cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Three contraceptive mechanisms

A
  • block sperm (condoms)
  • disable sperm (spermicide)
  • suppress ovulation (pill)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fertilization and implantation cycle

A
  • ovulation
  • oocyte
  • fertilization
  • zygote (fertilized egg)
  • 4-cell stage (2 days)
  • Morula (solid ball of blastomeres, 3 days)
  • early blastocyst (4 days)
  • implanting blastocyst (7 days)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

OTC contraceptive considerations

A
  • Efficacy (#1)
  • safety
  • cultural and religious beliefs
  • future reproductive plans
  • complexity
  • STD protection (only condoms)
  • Cost
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Natural contraceptive methods

A
  • ovulation test

- withdrawal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Non-hormonal contraception

A
  • Barrier methods
  • IUD
  • Sterilization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Barrier methods

A
  • diaphragm
  • cervical cap
  • condom
  • spermicide
  • sponge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

IUD

A

Copper Intrauterine Device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hormonal methods: combined estrogen/progesterone

A
  • combined oral contraceptives (also emergency)
  • Transdermal (patch, Zulane)
  • Vaginal ring
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hormonal methods: progestin only

A
  • progestin only pills (also emergency)
  • long-acting injectable (depo)
  • long-acting implantable
  • intrauterine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Perfect vs typical use

A

Perfect: potential for effectiveness
Actual: actual effectiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tiers of family planning methods

A

Tier 1: implant/IUD; may be dispensed with Rx at specialty pharmacy
Tier 2: diaphragm/cervical cap
Dispensed with RX or Behind the counter
Tier 3: OTC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which tier is least effective

A

Tier 3 (OTC): condoms, sponge, spermicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Natural: Fertility awareness method effectiveness

A

Typical use: 76% effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Natural: withdrawal effectiveness

A

perfect use: 96%

typical use: 78%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Barrier methods

A

block sperm: mechanical or chemical barrier

Disable sperm: harmful to sperm itself, disrupts motility (cannot enter cervix)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Spermicides

A

Active drug: Nonoxynol-9 (N-9)
MOA: damages sperm cell membranes (disables)
Least effective (perfect: 82%, typical: 72%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Spermicides: counseling

A
  • apply intravaginally before intercourse
  • may be used with other barrier methods
  • wash hands before and after use
  • douching NOT necessary; if desired, wait at lease 6 hours after intercourse
  • NO protection from STD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Spermicide fomulations

A

Gynol jelly: nonoxynol-9 2%
Foam: nonoxynol-9 12.5%
suppository: nonoxynol-9 100mg
film: 28%

25
Gel advantages/disadvantages
A: lubricating D: some available only for purchase with barrier device
26
Foam advantages/disadvantages
A: distributes more evenly and adheres better than gel D: less lubricating than gel
27
Suppository advantage/disadvantage
A: easy to use and carry; less messy D: must dissolve first and may not completely dissolve
28
Film advantage/disadvantage
A: easy to use and carry, longer duration of action, less messy D: most difficult form to use, must dissolve first
29
Gel (alone): onset and duration
O: immediate D: 1 hour Application time before intercourse: up to 1 hour
30
Gel (diaphragm): onset and duration
O: immediate D: 24 hours Application time: up to 1 hour before
31
Gel (cervical cap): onset and duration
O: immediate D: 48 ours Application time: up to 1 hour before
32
Foam: onset and duration
O: immediate D: 1 hour Application time: up to 1 hour before
33
Suppository: onset and duration
O: 10 min D: 1 hour Application time: 10 min before
34
Film: onset and duration
O: 15 min D: 1-3 hours Application time: 15 min before
35
Sponge
Today sponge: nonoxynol-9, 1000mg | Least effective: perfect 91%, typical 88%
36
Sponge: counseling
- may be left in vagina and used for repeated use for 24 hours - remove sponge 6 hours after last act of intercourse - do not leave in for more than 6 hours
37
What can condoms protect against
most STD's | Will not protect against herpes, HPV, or any open sores not covered
38
Condoms
complaints: localized itching (switch brands) Risk factors for use-related failure: use of oil based lubricants with latex condoms common cause of use-related failure: lack of consistent, proper use
39
Male condoms
SEE CHART
40
Condoms: lubricants
Lubricant must also be applied outside of the condom after it is placed: Use water-based NOT oil based
41
Male Vs Female Condom
SEE CHART | Female condom: only one size; least effective (perfect: 95%, typical: 79%)
42
Diaphragm and Cervical cap
- moderately effective - wait 6 hours after sex to remove - can be washed and reused - risk for UTI with extended use
43
Diaphragm
- moderately effective (perfect: 94%, typical: 88% with spermicide) - latex or silicone - larger than cervical cap - may need fitting by physician - can be worn up to 24 hours
44
Cervical cap
- moderately effective (perfect: 74%, typical: 60% with spermicide) - silicone - 3 sizes, fitting not necessary - can be worn up to 48 hours
45
Barrier methods advantages and disadvantages
A: STI protection (condoms) no hormonal SE D: less effective than hormonal, increased risk for UTI/STDs, vaginal insertion/removal
46
Emergency contraception (EC): candidates
- women who have had unprotected intercourse - failure of contraceptive method - exposure to teratogenic material
47
EC options
- levonorgestrel (progestin only): Plan B, Next Choice - ulipristal acetate (Ella) - Combo oral contraceptive (estrogen-progestin): Yuzpe method - Copper IUD (paragard)
48
EC mechanisms
- disables sperm (chemical barrier): thickens cervical mucus, inhibition of motility - prevents follicular maturation and ovulation - prevents implantation of fertilized egg as long as implantation has not occurred - will not cause abortion
49
EC mechanims
- disable sperm | - suppress ovulation
50
EC efficacy
- relative to time AFTER unprotected intercourse - 95% if taken within 24 hours - 89% if taken within 72 hours - efficacy declines the closer a woman is to ovulation
51
EC accessibility
SEE CHART
52
Estrogen actions
- ovarian and pituitary inhibition --> suppresses ovulation (estrogen more effective) - thins and increases cervical mucus - endometrial proliferation
53
Progestin actions
- ovarian and pituitary inhibition --> suppresses ovulation (estrogen more effective) - thickens cervical mucus --> disables sperm - endometrial thinning and transformation --> inhibits implantation of fertilized egg
54
Levonorgestrel
- progestin only - 1.5 mg tablet ONCE - or 0.75 mg x 2 tablets once - Plan B, My Way, Take Action, Next Choice - approved for up to 3 days after intercourse - may be less effective in BMI > 26
55
Ulipristal Acetate (UPA)
- Ella - 30mg tablet PO at once - Rx needed (or via EC protocol without) - Mechanism: Selective-progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM) - Delays or inhibits ovulation (like progestin) - Directly blocks follicular rupture - Endometrial thinning --> prevents implantation
56
Combo: Yuzpe Method
- high doses of combined EE (100mcg) and Levonorgestrel (0.5mg) - 2 doses, 12 hours apart - available via EC protocol - less commonly used
57
Yuzpe method dosing
SEE CHART | - dose is dependent on drugs contained in the pill
58
EC - General counseling
- how and when to take - Side effects: - vomiting: take with food, take antiemetic before and after, if vomiting occurs within 2 hours, another dose should be taken - encourage barrier method use for 7 days - most effective when used as soon as possible after intercourse
59
Copper Intrauterine Device (IUD)
- ParaGard - 5 days after unprotected intercourse - Copper ions block sperm motility - 99% effective - long term

5112 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions