Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

5112 > Dermatitis > Flashcards

Dermatitis Flashcards

1
Q

Atopic Dermatitis (eczema) triggers

A

foods, soaps, detergents, fragrances, chemicals, temp changes, dusts, some bacteria, stress/emotional changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Atopic Dermatitis referral

A
  • Intense pruritis
  • large areas of the body
  • < 2 y/o
  • skin appears infected: yellowish crusting, pustules, or vesicles
  • intertriginous involvement
  • after 2 weeks of tx, sx getting worse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Atopic Dermatitis Pharmacological

A
  • hydrocortisone 1% cream/ointment applied sparingly, 3-4 times daily, for 7 days max
  • add antihistamine for itch
  • AVOID antihistamine in elderly, and avoid gel (contains alcohol)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atopic Dermatitis non-pharmacological

A
  • minimize length and number of hot showers
  • use hypoallergenic soap such as Cetaphil
  • pat dry and apply cream moisturizer within 3 min of washing
  • apply moisturizer liberally as needed
  • Keep cook and humidity > 50%
  • reduce stress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Dermatitis

A
  • inflammatory erythematous rash
  • atopic dermatitis (exzema)
  • seborrheic dermatitis
  • contact dermatitis
  • diaper dermatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Atopic Dermatitis risk factors

A
  • Genetic, chronic relapsing disorder
  • most common derm condition in children
  • affects male/female equally
  • more common in urban areas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Atopic Dermatitis diagnostic criteria

A
  • Itching PLUS >/= 3 of the following:
  • onset at < 2
  • history of skin crease involvement
  • hx of dry skin
  • hx of asthma or allergic rhinitis
  • 1st degree relative with atopic disease
  • visible flexural dermatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Common characteristics

A
  • 2 months - chest/face - red, raised vesicles, dry skin, oozing
  • 2 years - scalp/neck/extremities - less acute lesions, edema, erythema
  • 2-4 years - neck/wrist/elbow/knee - dry, thickened plaques, hyperpigmentation
  • 12-20 years - flexors/hands - dry, thick plaques, hyperpigmentation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hydrocortisone patient education

A
  • relief of inflammation and itch
  • apply 2-4x daily
  • small amount of cream
  • avoid face unless directed by physician, avoid eyes, do not use for longer than 7 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Atopic Dermatitis alternative tx

A
  • monoclonal abx
  • phototherapy
  • coal tar
  • chinese herbal tx
  • probiotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis

A
  • red, scaly, itchy rash
  • sebaceous glands location (scalp, face, trunk)
  • more severe in winter
  • common in: infants, parkinson’s, Zinc deficiency, HIV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dandruff (compare to seborrheic derm)

A
  • location: scalp
  • Exacerbating factors: dry climate, but usually stable
  • Appearance: think, white flakes, even distribution
  • Inflammation: absent
  • Epidermal hyperplasia: absent
  • Cell turnover: 2x normal
  • Incompletely keratinized cells: rarely > 5%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis (compare to dandruff)

A
  • location: head and trunk; children only - back, intertriginous areas
  • exacerbating factors: mainly external factors, stress
  • Appearance: macules, patches, thin plaques of yellow color, oily scales on red skin
  • Inflammation: present
  • Epidermal hyperplasia: present
  • Cell turnover: 3x norma
  • incompletely keratinized cells: 15-25%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Seborrheic Derm referral

A
  • < 2 y/o

- worsening or NO improvement after 2 weeks of proper OTC product use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Seborrheic Derm tx infants

A
  • typically self-limiting
  • mild to moderate cases: massage scalp with baby oil and non-medicated shampoo
  • severe cases: warm olive oil compress with salicylic acid (3-5%) followed by gentle shampoo
  • severe cases: hydrocortisone 1% can be applied
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Seborrheic Derm tx adults

A
  • shampoo several times/week
  • pyrithione zine, selenium sulfide, sulfur, ketoconazole, salicylic acid, or coal tar
  • if erythema present: hydrocortisone 0.5-1%, 2-3x daily until sx subside, apply directly on scalp, use for < 7 days
17
Q

OTC tx ingredients

A

include: ketoconazole, pyrithione zinc, salicylic acid, selenium sulfide, sulfur, hydrocortisone

18
Q

Contact Dermatitis symptoms

A

inflammation, redness, itching, burning, stinging, and vesicle/pustule formation of skin exposed to allergens

19
Q

Contact Derm causes

A

strong acids/bases, detergents, epoxy resins, oils/fragrance, solvents, oxidizing/reducing agents, plants

20
Q

Contact Derm from plants

A

Poison oak
Poison ivy
Poison sumac
Sap (contains uroshiol toxin); can remain under fingernails

21
Q

Irritant contact derm (compare to allergic)

A
  • Itching: yes (later)
  • Stinging/burning: early
  • Erythema: yes
  • Vesicles/papules: rare or none
  • Dermal edema: yes
  • Delayed rxn to exposure: minutes-hours
  • Causative agents: acids/bases, solvents, oxidizers
  • MOA: direct tissue damage
  • Presentation: no clear margins
22
Q

Allergic contact derm (compare to irritant)

A
  • Itching: yes (early)
  • Stinging/burning: Late or none
  • Erythema: yes
  • Vesicles/papules: yes
  • Dermal edema: yes
  • delayed rxn to exposure: Days (slower rxn)
  • Causative agents: fragrances, metals, plants
  • MOA: immunologic rxn
  • Presentation: clear margins based on contact
23
Q

Contact Derm Referral

A
  • < 2 y/o
  • present for > 2 weeks
  • more than 20% surface area
  • numerous bullae
  • extreme itching, severe vesicle formation
  • swelling
  • swollen eyes/eyelids
  • discomfort in genitalia from itching/swelling
  • involvement of mucous membranes
  • signs of infection
  • no improvement with self-tx after 7 days
24
Q

Contact Derm tx for itching

A
  • Hydrocortisone
  • oral antihistamines: Benadry/diphenhydramine (drowsy), Claritin/Loratadine (non-drowsy), Allergra/Fexofenadine (non-drowsy)
  • calamine lotion
  • colloidal oatmeal
25
Q

Contact Derm tx for weeping lesions

A
  • Astringents (drying agents): aluminum acetate, zinc oxide, calamine, witch hazel
  • protective covering
26
Q

Contact Derm OTC tx ingredients

A
  • aveeno: colloidal oatmeal
  • burrow’s solution: aluminum acetate
  • calamine lotion: calamine
    Cortaid: hydrocortisone
27
Q

Contact Derm general tx plan

A
  • hydrocortisone 1% cream to affected areas 3-4x/day
  • domeboro soaks as needed to decrease itching
  • repeat as long as blisters do not get larger
  • call physician if sx worsen or no improvement within 2 weeks
28
Q

Diaper dermatitis

A

red to bright red, sometimes shiny, wet-looking patches and lesions

29
Q

Diaper dermatitis affects who?

A

babies and adults who wear diapers

30
Q

Diaper dermatitis causes

A
  • occlusion (urine and stool)
  • moisture
  • bacteria
  • pH changes
  • chafing and friction
31
Q

Diaper derm referral

A
  • lesions present >7 days with no improvement despite tx
  • secondary infection
  • rash outside of diaper area
  • broken skin
  • oozing or blood or pus
  • fever, diarrhea, n/v, ect
  • behavior changes
  • blisters
  • co-morbid conditions (HIV, immunosuppression)
32
Q

Diaper derm tx

A
  • keep skin clean and dry
  • frequent diaper changes
  • diaper free time
  • avoid alcohol based wipes or fragrances
  • use topical agent right before putting on diaper to create barrier
33
Q

Diaper derm topical agents

A

allatonin, calamine, cocoa butter, cod liver oil, colloidal oatmeal, dimethicone, kaolin, lanolin, mineral oil, zinc, etc
- DO NOT USE: antimicrobials, antifungals, external analgesics, boric acid, baking soda (bicarb)

34
Q

OTC tx

A 
Popular brands:
A&amp;D: petrolatum, lanolin
A&amp;D + zinc: zinc oxide 10%, dimethicone
Desitin: zinc oxide 40%
Bourdreaux's Butt Paste: zinc oxide 16%
(SEE CHART for more)
35
Q

Diaper derm prevention

A
  • keep clean and dry
  • frequent changes
  • don’t over-tighten diapers
  • use hot water to wash hands and dirty clothes
  • skin protectant: A&D for preventative; Desitin to dy out rash
  • yeast suspected: clotrimazole
  • hydrocortisone: BID, less than 7 days
  • combo tx

5112 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions