Home screening tests Flashcards
menstrual cycle lenght
21-35 days
count start as first day
follicle
fluid filled sac that contains oocyte (immature egg)
FSH
follicle stimulating hormone - stimulates development of follicle in ovary
LH
Luteinizing hormone (LH) - stimulates release of egg from follicle (ovarian trigger)
phases of ovarian cycle
follicular phase - estrogen rising
luteal pase - progesterone rises, estrogen falls, inhibin rises
Hormone ovulation predictor
Detects LH and E3G (estogen component)
Ovulation occurs 24-36 hrs after LH surge
most fertile on day of and after LH surge
Start testing at day 5
Hormone ovulation follow-up
+ result = LH detected
cycle lengths vary
no conception within 3 months, contact physician
Hormone ovulation false results
recent discontinuation of birth control can skew results
false positive: medications used to increase LH, menopause, POCS
false negative: diluted urine
Ovulation: basal temperature
temp increases to 98.6, slight drop before ovulation
digital better reading
test on day 1 of period BEFORE getting out of bed
Fertilization
trophoblast: outer layer of cells protecting embryo
produce hCG
contribute to placental development -> more hCG
when does implantation occur
day 5
pregnancy test
detects hCG levels
peak at 6 weeks
test on first day of missed period
pregnancy test FP
recent miscarriage
fertility meds
ovarian cysts
pregnancy test FN
diluted urine
test performed too soon
collection cups with soap or wax residue
UTI tests
detect: nitrites (NIT) and Leukocyte esterase (LEU)
When to contact PCP for UTI test
When NIT positive, when both NIT and LEU positive
If only LEU positive, repeat test and call PCP
UTI FP
dyes or phenazopyridine (AZO)
UTI FN
strict vegetarian diet - lack NIT
Vit C > 250 - block NIT reaction
Vaginal pH test
may detect presence of bacterial infection
bacterial vaginosis
trichomoniasis -> STD
Normal pH of vagina
4-4.5 -> acidic environment, hydrogen peroxide, inhibits bacteria
Vaginal PH positive
test changes color
call PCP
Vaginal PH negative
no color change
may repeat
Vaginal pH interference
menstruation
intercourse
douching
HIV test
OraQuick
detects antibodies in saliva
HIV test interference
food, drink, oral care products within 30 min of test
PrEP
should know approx time of exposure (test 3 months after)
have someone with them to support them
HIV positive result
confirm with PCP
HIV negative result
emphasize importance of regular testing
Colorectal screens (CRC)
FOBT - fecal occult blood
FIT - fecal immunochemical test
FOBT vs FIT
FOBT: detects heme in stool -> blue on test. Detects bleeding from ENTIRE GI
FIT: detects LOWER GI
more sensitive test than FOBT
FOBT EZ-Detect pads
lay tissue in toilet after BM
FOBT Hemoccult cards
lay tissue in toilet
smear stool on card - 3 samples
return card to lab
FIT test
applicator wand to collect small stool sample
insert wand into tube and shake
squeeze 3 drops of sample solution into test well and read results
FOBT interference
toilet cleaners, etc
aspirin and NSAIDS
FP: red meat, raw turnips, broccoli, horseradish
vitamin C
FIT interference
none
FOBT and FIT followup
positive: need further evaluation
negative: repeat process every year
accuracy
measurement of agreement between a test result and accepted reference value
precision
measure of agreement btwn repeated measurements
prevalence
TP + FN/total population
sensitivity
of ppl WITH disease that test positive/total people with disease (TP/TP+FN)
specificity
of ppl WITHOUT disease that test negative/total ppl WITHOUT disease (TN/TN+FP)
sensitivity
TP/(TP+FN)
Specificity
TN/(TN+FP)
Positive predictive value (PPV)
TP/(TP+FP)
than chance that the positive tests are correct
Negative predictive value (NPV)
TN/(TN+FN)
chance that the negative tests are correct
