Home screening tests

Question 1

menstrual cycle lenght

Answer 1

21-35 days

count start as first day

Question 2

follicle

Answer 2

fluid filled sac that contains oocyte (immature egg)

Question 3

FSH

Answer 3

follicle stimulating hormone - stimulates development of follicle in ovary

Question 4

LH

Answer 4

Luteinizing hormone (LH) - stimulates release of egg from follicle (ovarian trigger)

Question 5

phases of ovarian cycle

Answer 5

follicular phase - estrogen rising

luteal pase - progesterone rises, estrogen falls, inhibin rises

Question 6

Hormone ovulation predictor

Answer 6

Detects LH and E3G (estogen component)
Ovulation occurs 24-36 hrs after LH surge
most fertile on day of and after LH surge
Start testing at day 5

Question 7

Hormone ovulation follow-up

Answer 7

+ result = LH detected
cycle lengths vary
no conception within 3 months, contact physician

Question 8

Hormone ovulation false results

Answer 8

recent discontinuation of birth control can skew results
false positive: medications used to increase LH, menopause, POCS
false negative: diluted urine

Question 9

Ovulation: basal temperature

Answer 9

temp increases to 98.6, slight drop before ovulation
digital better reading
test on day 1 of period BEFORE getting out of bed

Question 10

Fertilization

Answer 10

trophoblast: outer layer of cells protecting embryo
produce hCG
contribute to placental development -> more hCG

Question 11

when does implantation occur

Answer 11

day 5

Question 12

pregnancy test

Answer 12

detects hCG levels
peak at 6 weeks
test on first day of missed period

Question 13

pregnancy test FP

Answer 13

recent miscarriage
fertility meds
ovarian cysts

Question 14

pregnancy test FN

Answer 14

diluted urine
test performed too soon
collection cups with soap or wax residue

Question 15

UTI tests

Answer 15

detect: nitrites (NIT) and Leukocyte esterase (LEU)

Question 16

When to contact PCP for UTI test

Answer 16

When NIT positive, when both NIT and LEU positive

If only LEU positive, repeat test and call PCP

Question 17

UTI FP

Answer 17

dyes or phenazopyridine (AZO)

Question 18

UTI FN

Answer 18

strict vegetarian diet - lack NIT

Vit C > 250 - block NIT reaction

Question 19

Vaginal pH test

Answer 19

may detect presence of bacterial infection
bacterial vaginosis
trichomoniasis -> STD

Question 20

Normal pH of vagina

Answer 20

4-4.5 -> acidic environment, hydrogen peroxide, inhibits bacteria

Question 21

Vaginal PH positive

Answer 21

test changes color

call PCP

Question 22

Vaginal PH negative

Answer 22

no color change

may repeat

Question 23

Vaginal pH interference

Answer 23

menstruation
intercourse
douching

Question 24

HIV test

Answer 24

OraQuick

detects antibodies in saliva

Question 25

HIV test interference

Answer 25

food, drink, oral care products within 30 min of test PrEP should know approx time of exposure (test 3 months after) have someone with them to support them

Question 26

HIV positive result

Answer 26

confirm with PCP

Question 27

HIV negative result

Answer 27

emphasize importance of regular testing

Question 28

Colorectal screens (CRC)

Answer 28

FOBT - fecal occult blood | FIT - fecal immunochemical test

Question 29

FOBT vs FIT

Answer 29

FOBT: detects heme in stool -> blue on test. Detects bleeding from ENTIRE GI FIT: detects LOWER GI more sensitive test than FOBT

Question 30

FOBT EZ-Detect pads

Answer 30

lay tissue in toilet after BM

Question 31

FOBT Hemoccult cards

Answer 31

lay tissue in toilet smear stool on card - 3 samples return card to lab

Question 32

FIT test

Answer 32

applicator wand to collect small stool sample insert wand into tube and shake squeeze 3 drops of sample solution into test well and read results

Question 33

FOBT interference

Answer 33

toilet cleaners, etc aspirin and NSAIDS FP: red meat, raw turnips, broccoli, horseradish vitamin C

Question 34

FIT interference

Answer 34

none

Question 35

FOBT and FIT followup

Answer 35

positive: need further evaluation negative: repeat process every year

Question 36

accuracy

Answer 36

measurement of agreement between a test result and accepted reference value

Question 37

precision

Answer 37

measure of agreement btwn repeated measurements

Question 38

prevalence

Answer 38

TP + FN/total population

Question 39

sensitivity

Answer 39

of ppl WITH disease that test positive/total people with disease (TP/TP+FN)

Question 40

specificity

Answer 40

of ppl WITHOUT disease that test negative/total ppl WITHOUT disease (TN/TN+FP)

Question 41

sensitivity

Answer 41

TP/(TP+FN)

Question 42

Specificity

Answer 42

TN/(TN+FP)

Question 43

Positive predictive value (PPV)

Answer 43

TP/(TP+FP) | than chance that the positive tests are correct

Question 44

Negative predictive value (NPV)

Answer 44

TN/(TN+FN) | chance that the negative tests are correct