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5112 > Energy, metabolism, and balance > Flashcards

Energy, metabolism, and balance Flashcards

1
Q

ABW

A

actual body weight

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2
Q

BEE

A

basal energy expenditure

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3
Q

BMI

A

body mass index

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4
Q

IBW

A

ideal body weight

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5
Q

PAL

A

physical activity level

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6
Q

PEM

A

protein energy malnutrition

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7
Q

REE

A

resting energy expenditure

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8
Q

TEE

A

total energy expenditure

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9
Q

TEF

A

thermal effect of food

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10
Q

WC

A

waist circumference

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11
Q

Ideal body weight

A

Devine Formula - kg, height over 60 inches
Men: 50 + 2.3
Women: 45.5 + 2.3

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12
Q

BMI calculation

A

Kg/m^2
body weight kg/height in m^2
does not take into account where weight is coming from

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13
Q

BMI classifications

A 
Underweight: less than 18.5
Normal: 18.5-24.9
Overweight: 25.0-29.9
Obese I: 30.0-34.9
Obese II: 35.0-39.9
Extremely obese: greater than 40.0
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14
Q

Relevance of waist circumference

A

it matters where you carry fat

central obesity is higher risk

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15
Q

WC risk categories

A

greater than 35 inches (89cm) for women

greater than 40 inches (102 cm) for men

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16
Q

How to measure body fat percentage

A 
calipers - not accurate
hydrostatic weighing - expensive
air displacement - expensive
biometric impedance 
DEXA scan - not usually used
17
Q

Body fat percentages - women

A

essential fat: 10-12%

athletes: 14-20%
fit: 21-24%
acceptable: 25-31%
obese: greater than 32%

18
Q

Body fat percentages - men

A

essential fat: 2-4%

athletes: 6-13%
fit: 14-17%
acceptable: 18-25%
obese: greater than 26%

19
Q

caloric content of nutrients

A

carbs: 4.1 cal/g
protein: 4.1 cal/g
lipids: 9.3 cal/g
alcohol: 7 cal/g

20
Q

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

A

energy expenditure at rest
dependent on age, gender, weight
Also called: basal energy expenditure (BEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE)

21
Q

How to measure BMR

A

Harris-Benedict equation

22
Q

BMR measure in men

A

66.47 + 13.75(wt in kg) + 5.003(ht in cm) - 6.755(age)

23
Q

BMR measure in women

A

655.1 + 9.563(wt in kg) + 1.850(ht in cm) - 4.676(age)

24
Q

Total energy expenditure (TEE)

A

TEE = BEE + TEF + PAL

basal energy expenditure + thermal effect of food + physical activity level

25
Q

Thermal effect of food

A

TEF = calories consumed/day * 0.1

26
Q

Negative energy balance

A

lose weight

27
Q

positive energy balance

A

gain weight

28
Q

Malnutrition

A

resulting from too much or too little of one or more nutrients

29
Q

over-nutrition

A

resulting from intake of nutrients beyond caloric need for energy expenditure

30
Q

undernutrition

A

resulting from a deficiency of one or more nutrients

31
Q

causes of under nutrition

A

environment
economics
medical conditions: eating disorders, alcoholism, inapropriate nutrient use by body, trauma, surgery, burns

32
Q

Severe undernutrition

A

marasmus
kwashiorkor
cachexia

33
Q

marasmus

A

extreme emaciation resulting from a long-term negative energy balance

34
Q

kwashiokor

A

triggered by oxidant stress resulting from the body’s reaction to infection in the setting of starvation; characterized by edema and fatty liver

35
Q

cachexia

A

undernourishment in the setting of HIV/AIDS, cancer, or other severe chronic condition

36
Q

Marasmus presentation

A

general wasting, baggy skin appearance, alert but irritable, HUNGRY, stunted growth

37
Q

Kwashiorkor presentation

A

reduced muscle tissue, pitting edema, distended abdomen, enlarged liver, skin changes, lethargic and irritable, NOT HUNGRY

38
Q

cachexia presentation

A

similar to marasmus -> more loss of protein tissue, triggered by illness, higher breakdown of protein -> not seen in other two presentations

39
Q

aggravating factors contributing to obesity epidemic

A 
technology
abundance of food
less physical activity -> shifting economy
socioeconomic status
genetics

5112 (12 decks)

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