OT through the lifespan Flashcards
infancy ages
birth to 1 years
places OT can work with infants
NICU, children’s hospitals, pediatric clinics, school systems
OT’s help parents and kids in infancy by
Regulating a schedule for the newborn
Teaching them about feeding
Assessing developmental milestones
Engaging in “play” as occupation
Infancy main occupation
play
developmental tasks for infancy
motor skills, social skills, cognitive skills, reflexes
motor skills for infancy
fine: small movements
gross: big movements
social skills for infancy
smiling, laughing, engaging,cooing, babbling, play and stranger danger
cognitive skills for infancy
Manipulate objects
Remembering people
Begin to look for objects that are out of sight
Push a button and a toy will make a sound
reflexes for infancy
foot reflex for spreading toes
face reflex for feeding
NICU
Medical Model
Advanced and specialized training
Main Focus: making sure that they are medically stable
early intervention for infancy
May be at home, or in a specialized daycare or respite setting
Main Focus: family-centered care
pediatric clinics and home health for infancy
main focus: self care/ADLs
diagnosis for infants
CP, Down syndrome, Spina bifida
Occupational Therapists use the ________ _______ __ ______ when working with infants
developmental frame of reference
infants milestones
Muscle tone
Coordination
Symmetrical movements
Posture
family centered care for infants
Parent are the “expert”
OTs are more seen as a “consultant” and/or “educator”
early childhood ages
1-6 years
later childhood/school-aged ages
6-12 years
occupation of childhood
play
3 types of play
solitary play (solo), parallel play (with another person), cooperative play (play with purpose)
developmental tasks of childhood
jumping, running, better fine motor/coordination skills
pretending” or “make believe”
Problem solving and sequencing
Children with special needs often do not participate in
imaginative play, so Occupational therapist work with children on this occupation
Empowering children through play and successful experiences lay the foundation for a strong sense of
self and lead to positive self-esteem and self-concept
common diagnosis in childhood
Tourettes, amputi, autism, pediatric cancer
focus intervention for childhood
play and development
Occupational therapist use _____ as the end goal of therapy in childhood
play
Participating with kiddos in the
least restrictive environment
least restrictive environment definition
Classroom that is the closest to the regular classroom in which the student can be successful
Occupational therapist who work with kiddos should be
Creative, playful and able to promote structure and limits
Attentive to the child and the parents needs
Also engage with the teachers and other professionals in education
adolescence age
12-20 years
adolescence description
Trying to find your own identity
Peer pressure to fit in and conform
Begin to show interest in town, state, country
Develop sexual identity
developmental tasks for adolescence
Postural changes and awkward body movements due to rapid growth
Spend more time on grooming/hygiene tasks
Changes in our bodies typically occur during this time
Impulsive and immature
Leisure activities and social participation become very important to them
settings for adolescence
Hospitals, day centers, treatment centers, school systems, rehab centers, pediatric clinics, vocational rehabilitation, mental health hopsitals
Occupational therapist need to set firm but fair limits by doing these things:
Teens tend to question authority and push limits Offer choices Provide mentorship Lead specialized groups Work-related activities Leisure activities
young adult age
20-40
middle adult age
40-65
late adulthood age
65+
adulthood description
Time of achievement
Makes important decisions
Family and group interests are important
Are now the mentors
Developmental Tasks of Young and Middle Adulthood
Able to function independently (typically)
Have selected a career or steadily working
Have significant relationships
Establish a family
Achieve social and civic responsibilities
Emotional responsibilities as parents
major focus in adulthood
selecting and establishing a career
OT’s work with adults for
Career changes, mid-life crisis, health conditions, etc
diagnoses for adulthood- the list can go on forever
Heart Disease
Neurological impairments
Orthopedic conditions
Mental Health
settings for adulthood- the list can go on forever
Hospitals Clinics Group Homes Home Health Treatment Centers
goal for adulthood in OT
to help them re-engage in occupations that they find meaningful
Developmental Tasks of Later Adulthood
Retirement
Decline in health
Loss of loved ones
Loss of possessions
2 main things OT does for late adulthood
Addressing safety in the home or “aging in place”
Modifying activities
diagnosis for late adulthood
Alzheimer’s Disease / Cognitive impairments Parkinson’s Disease CVA Cardiac Condition Diabetes And the list goes on and on…..
OT interventions for late adulthood
Adapt, modify, educate, compensate
Assess safety
Learned Helplessness
phenomenon that older adults experience as they begin to feel and act helpless and relinquish control over things that previously held value
Keep your patients and clients as active and as
independent as possible
