osteoporosis Flashcards
what happens in osteoporosis aka OP
creation of new bones does not keep up with removal of old bone
OP causes bones to become weak and brittle
common in hip, spine, wrist
risk factors for OP
- age- women > 50 y/o
- petite and thin
- race- Caucasian and Asian
- smoking
- etoh
- RA
- FH of OP (fx hip after minor fall)
- previous fx
- meds- steriods
op s/s
later stages
- back pain
- loss of ht
- stooped posture
- bone fx
op complications
fx
w/u testing for OP
- Blood calcium, usually normal in OP but elevated in other bone diseases
- vit d def
- PTH- check for hyperparathyroidism
- TSH- t3/t4 to screen for thyroid disease
- 24 hr urine for ca- can show if there’s problem with intestinal absorption of Ca or leakage of Ca through kidneys
- testosterone
- dexa scan
what Is frax tool
fx risk assessment tool
uses info from dexa and medical risk factors for bone fx to estimate 10 yr risk for fx
frax tool recommended for
- > 50 yrs old
- postmenopausal
- osteopenia
- OP but never been on OP meds
used to guide tx options
what does frax tool questionare ask
age, sex, wt, ht, prior fx, FH of fx, current smoker, steroids, RA, etoh use, and bone density
dexa aka dual energy x-ray absorptionmetery is what
screening used to dx op
estimates density of bones (bone mineral density test)
low dose x-ray
dexa measures what
how much calcium and other minerals are in the bone
measures bone mineral denisty
predicts bone fx
what happens in dexa procedure
2 x-ray beams with different energy levels are aimed at pts bones
when soft tissue absorption is subtracted out the bone mineral density can be determined from absorption of each beam by one
what is most commonly used bone density measurement
dual energy x-ray
dexa
what are the 2 types of dexa scans
- central - hip, spine
2. peripheral - fingers, wrist, leg, heel
blood calcium value
8.5 - 10.2
vit d value
30 - 100
tsh
0.4 - 4.5
pth
10-55 pg/ml
total testosterone
270 - 1070 ng/dl
24 hr urine calcium
100-300
dexa has what scores
t score
z score
what is t score
comparison of person’s bone density with that of healthy 30 y/o of same sex
normal t score
-1 and higher
osteopenia t score
-1 to -2.5
op t score
-2.5 and less
what is z score
compare bone density with other ppl your age, race, gender
the more negative the number the higher your risk of bone fx
OP prevention goal is what
prevent fx and preserve BMD
