Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ADV DIAG > neurological disorders > Flashcards

neurological disorders Flashcards

1
Q

CT B/H indications

A

when CNS disease is suspected

useful for dx brain tumors, infarctions, bleeding, hematoma, and degenerative abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

consider CT B/H when pt presents with

A
  1. new onset headache
  2. “blinding HA”, where part of vision is impaired
  3. unilateral headache
  4. cranial nerve neuropathy
  5. after head trauma, falls
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

CT B/H with contrast does what

A

vascular structures enhanced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CI to CT B/H

A
  1. allergy to iodine or shellfish
  2. claustrophobic
  3. pregnancy, unless benefit outweighs risk , ie trauma
  4. unstable VS
  5. morbidly obese, CT scanner usually < 300 lb
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CT required if any 1 of following are present after TRAUMA

A
  1. GCS < 15 at 2 hr after injury
  2. suspected open or depressed skull fx (hemotympanum, racoon eyes, cerebrospinal otorrhea, rhinorrhea, or Battle’s sign)
  3. 2 or more episodes of vomiting
  4. > 65 y/o
  5. amnesia of events more than 30 minutes before impact
  6. post trauma seizures
  7. known coagulopathy; clotting disorders, on blood thinners
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why is CT B/H ideal for initial trauma

A

bc can be down in short time, usually less than 10 minutes

can accommodate pts on life support or needed other equipment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is hemotympanium

A

presence of blood in tympanic membrane of middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

battle’s sign aka mastoid ecchymosis

A

suggests underlying brain trauma

indication of fx along middle cranial fossa of skull

commonly seen after basilar skull fx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is periorbital ecchymosis

A

aka raccoon eyes

discoloration of upper and lower eyelids

most concerning for trauma

most associated with basal skull fx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CT brain/head complications

A
  1. allergic reaction to IV dye
  2. contrast induced nephropathy
  3. lactic acidosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pts at risk for contrast induced nephropathy

A

elevated serum Cr, dehydration at time of contrast, CHF, age > 70 yrs, use of nephrotic drugs- NSAIDS, diuretics, ace-i

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

contrast for MRI is what

A

gadolinium

less likely to cause allergic reaction when compared to iodine based dye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

nephrotic systemic fibrosis is what

A

reaction from gadolinium

thickening of skin and other organs

rare complication in pts with severe kidney disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MRI indications

A
  1. brain tumors
  2. developmental anomalies of brain
  3. vascular anomalies of head- aneurysms
  4. disorders of eyes and inner ear
  5. CVA f/u
  6. trauma pts- post CT
  7. disease in pituitary gland
  8. certain chronic disorders of nervous system, ie ms
  9. causes of HA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does EEG do

ectroencephalogram

A

records electrical activity of brain by placing electrodes on skull

recordings made with pt awake and sometimes asleep

also used to dx brain death when considering dc life support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

positive EEG confirms what

A

seizure

17
Q

EMG does what

electromyogram or electromyography

A

records electrical impulses in muscle at rest

18
Q

how are EMGs performed

A

needle electrode is inserted into muscle to record electrical activity- ouchy

19
Q

emg are used for what

A

dx and assess capacity of muscles to fx normally

helpful for dx metabolic disorders of muscle and nm disorders affecting skeletal muscles (GBS, myasthenia gravis, MS, muscular dystrophy, diabetic neuropathy)

20
Q

what happens in abnormal EMGs

A

tests abnormal when nerve supply to muscle has been compromised

indicative of nerve conduction blockage

21
Q

nerve conduction study aka electroneurogram -ENG- is what

A

small electrical current activated through an electrode near a nerve

time the impulse takes to get from first to second electrode is the conduction velocity

22
Q

EMG vs ENG

A

EMG measures electrical activity of muscle at rest

ENG measures how well and fast nerve can send electrical impulses

often done together

23
Q

ENG is used to assess what

A

capability of nerves to conduct impulses

metabolic and physical damage to nerve alter the ability

seen in carpal tunnel, herniated spinal disc, diabetic neuropathy

24
Q

how to dx carpal tunnel

A

clinical grounds

ENG can assist

25
Q

ENG not always necessary for other indications

A
  1. herniated disc pinching a nerve

2. dm neuropathy

26
Q

PET scan helps distinguish what

A

between living and dead tissue or between benign and malignant disorders

can help detect functional abnormalities early in course of disease, before anatomical changes occur

27
Q

clinical significance of PET scans with CVAs

A

might show metabolically active tissue- may influence prognosis/tx plan

28
Q

pet scan indications

A
  1. cva
  2. epilepsy
  3. parkinsons
  4. alzheimers
  5. dementia
  6. tumor
  7. huntington’s

ADV DIAG (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions