exam 1 dermatology Flashcards
macule
< 1 cm in diameter, flat, nonpalpable, circumscribed, discolored
patch
Patch: >1 cm in diameter, flat, nonpalpable, irregular shape, discolored
papule
<1 cm in diameter, raised, palpable, firm
nodule
1 cm, raised, solid
plaque
> 1 cm, raised, superficial, flat topped, rough
tumor
large nodule
vesicle
< 1 cm superficially raised, filled with serous fluid
bulla
> 1 cm vesicle
pustule
raised, superficial, filled with cloudy purulent fluid
wheal
raised, irregular area of edema, solid, transient variable size
cyst
raised, circumscribed, encapsulated with wall and lumen and filled with liquid or semisolid
scale
irregular formation of exfoliated, keratinized cells, irregular shape and size
crust
dried serum, blood or exudate, slightly elevated
lichenification
thickened epidermis with accentuated skin lines caused by rubbing
scar
thin or thick fibrous tissue, following dermal injury
fissure
linear break in skin through epidermis and dermis
excoriation
: hollowed-out area of all or portion of epidermis with depressed appearance
erosion
localized loss of epidermis, heals without scaring
ulcer
loss of epidermis and dermis, variations in size
atrophy
depression resulting from loss of epidermis and/or dermis
lab studies for acne
hormones- FSH, TSH, LH, testosterone
electrolytes`
skin ca risk factors
Men over age 50 Blue or green eyes (light ppl) Blonde or red hair (light ppl) Family history of skin cancer Personal history of skin cancer Continuous exposure to sun at work or play Light skin that burns, freckles, or easily gets red Certain types and larger number of moles Lots of burns
HARRM Risk factors for melanoma
History of previous melanoma Age over 50 Regular dermatologist absent Mole changing Male gender
additional risk factors for melanoma
≥50 common moles
≥1-4 atypical or unusual moles (especially if dysplastic)
Red or light hair
Actinic lentigines, macular brown or tan spots (usually on sun exposed areas)
Heavy sun exposure (especially severe childhood sunburns)
Light eye or skin color (especially freckles/burns easily)
Family history of melanoma
squamous cell carcinoma
Begins as a small nodule and as it enlarges the center becomes necrotic and sloughs and the nodule turns into an ulcer
The tumor commonly presents on sun-exposed areas – face, neck, shoulders, arms
The tumor grows relatively slowly
Unlike basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma has a substantial risk ofmetastasis
labs to consider for pruritis
CMP- electrolytes (Liver/kidney disease) Lipid panel- elevated TSH CBC Make sure health maintenance is up to date
elderly with itch and no rash
consider ca etiology
are screenings UTD?
alopecia areata
hair loss in patches
alopecia totalis
lose all hair on scalp
alopecia universalis
lose all hair on body
alopecia areata
This disease causes hair loss and often occurs in healthy people.
Hair falls out in round patches
can fall out from the scalp and elsewhere on the body.
The immune system attacks the hair follicles (structures that contain the roots of the hair), causing hair loss
alopecia causes
androgenic/ hormonal, infection, drug related, poisoning, psychiatric, dermatologic, genetic/heritable, cancerous, and systemic illness
risk factors for alopecia
Family history of baldness Advanced age Physical stress Psychological stress Pregnancy Regular use of aggressive hair-styling techniques Poor nutrition Rapid weight loss Restrictive diets (eg,low carbohydrate, low fat)
anemia can be cause of what
alopecia
hair follicle bx
small biopsy of 2 to 4 mm in diameter is taken and examined under a microscope
will look for destruction of the hair follicles
scar tissue
presence and location of inflammation in relation to the hair follicles
skin culture used for what
to find cause of infection in sore, burn, surgical wound, or injury
When you are doing a skin scraping of a bullae, where do you scrape?
edge of bullae
if there is scaly rash do
skin scraping
