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ADV DIAG > exam 1 misc labs > Flashcards

exam 1 misc labs Flashcards

1
Q

BMP components

A
  1. glucose
  2. BUN
  3. Cr
  4. Na
  5. K
  6. Cl
  7. CO2
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2
Q

Indications for order BMP

A 
basic lab information for a patient on IV hydration
check for the adequacy of hydration
patients on diuretics are monitored
check kidney function
assessing the acid-base balance
Electrolyte levels
Glucose levels
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3
Q

creatinine is produced as result of what

A

protein turnover in muscular tissue

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4
Q

BUN is …

A

by product of protein metabolism in the liver

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5
Q

BUN to Cr ratio

A

10:1

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6
Q

BUN and Cr are excreted by what organ

A

kidneys

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7
Q

if kidney fx is reduced, what happens to bun and Cr

A

they build up in the blood

higher concentrations usually indicate worsening kidney fx

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8
Q

GFR formula

A

calculated from Cr, age, body size, and gender

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9
Q

GFR used for staging what

A

kidney disease

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10
Q

adjusted GFR

A

depends on if they are AA or non-AA

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11
Q

BUN is produced in what organ

A

liver

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12
Q

what happens to BUN in severe liver failure

A

reduced

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13
Q

BUN can be raised by what

A

a heavy protein load in the diet
upper GI bleeding
Dehydration – most often seen in PCP

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14
Q

Does dehydration cause BUN and Creatinine to rise at the same time?

A

In dehydration, filtration of
no

BUN is effected before that of creatinine, so BUN rises out of proportion to creatinine

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15
Q

Calcium is controlled by what

A

calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

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16
Q

small alterations in ca can lead to what

A

major dysrhythmias and neuromuscular symptoms

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17
Q

calcium concentration is proportional to what

A

phosphate

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18
Q

calcium is absorbed in what

A

the gut

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19
Q

calcium is stored where

A

98% skeletal system
2% bone

50% is reionized calcium, so this means it is active and 50% is bound to protein- primarily the proten in albumin

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20
Q

calcium is excreted by

A

primarily the kidneys

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21
Q

bicarbonate aka HCO3- is measure of what

A

acid base balance

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22
Q

bicarbonate is largely controlled by what organ

A

kidneys

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23
Q

chloride is useful for what

A

assessing acid-base balance

used to calculate the anion gap

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24
Q

chloride is inversely r/t what levels

A

bicarbonate levels

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25
Q

do chloride levels increase or decrease with dehydration

A

increase

26
Q

what electrolytes are vital in maintaining proper cardiac and NM fx

A

Na+

K+

27
Q

sodium levels elevate with what

A
  1. dehydration
  2. excessive h2o intake
  3. vomiting
28
Q

potassium decreases whit what

A

diuretics

29
Q

K+ increases with

A

renal disease

unneeded K supplementation

30
Q

glucose controlled by what

A

insulin and glucagon

31
Q

glucose increases with

A
  1. DM
  2. Cushing’s syndrome
  3. acute stress
  4. cortiocosteriod therapy
  5. chronic renal failure
32
Q

glucose decreases with

A
  1. hypothyroidism
  2. Addison’s disease
  3. insulin overdose
33
Q

CMP includes

A

BMP labs, calcium, and liver enzymes

34
Q

liver fx labs included in CMP

A
  1. albumin
  2. AST
  3. ALT
  4. bilirubin
  5. alkaline phosphatase
35
Q

purpose of liver fx labs in CMP

A

to detect asymptomatic liver disease

ex- hep C, fatty steatosis, early alcoholic liver disease, metastatic liver disease

also used to follow progression of liver disease after dx

check for complications of meds

36
Q

hypercalcemia may indicate

A

dysfx of parathyroid gland, bone CA, hyperthyroidism, sarcoidosis, TB, excessive vit D

37
Q

hypocalcemia may indicate

A

ca deficiency, magnesium deficiency, high phosphorus, pancreatitis, kidney failure, malnutrition, alcoholism

38
Q

calcium measurement

A

8.5 - 10.2 mg/dL

39
Q

total protein measurement

A

5.0 - 8.3 gm/dl

40
Q

total protein is measurement of what

A

measures the total amount of protein in blood plasma

41
Q

total protein used to determine

A

nutritional status, presence of kidney or liver disease, edema

42
Q

increased total protein indicates

A

hepatitis or chronic inflammatory disease

43
Q

decreased total protein associated with

A

malnutrition, malabsorption, or bleeding disorder

44
Q

increased sodium levels

A

dehydration, hyperventilating, or some kind of kidney disease

45
Q

decreased Na + levels

A

heart disease, poor fx of adrenal glands, liver disease

46
Q

potassium stimulates what

A

muscle contraction

47
Q

increased levels of K+

A

seen in Addison’s disease, HD

ppl with DM are also likely to have high levels of K+ in bloodstream

48
Q

decreased levels of K+ - you see these kind of things with it

A

vomiting, muscle spasms, dehydration

49
Q

CO2, bicarbonate

A

results that fall outside WNL range typically indicate electrolyte imbalance, usually the result of dehydration

50
Q

chloride range

A

98-107

51
Q

are chloride levels increased or decreased with dehydration

A

increased

52
Q

BUN range

A

10-20

53
Q

bun stands for what

A

blood urea nitrogen

54
Q

increased BUN levels indicate what

A

the kidneys are having trouble filtering out

55
Q

high BUN is seen with

A

high protein diets, certain ATBs (eg tobramycin), bleeding

56
Q

low BUN is seen with

A

liver disease, low protein consumption, severe muscle injury, pregnancy

57
Q

CMP includes all of following accept:

a. Na
b. tests of liver fx
c. INR
d. total protein

A

INR

58
Q

Blood culture and sensitivity

A

done to determine the presence or absence of bacteria in the blood

blood is collected in culture medium and allowed to incubate for a specified period of time - usually 24 hours

the mixture is placed on culture medium to identify any bacterial organisms that might be in the blood.

Determines what meds the bacteria is sensitive too

59
Q

uses for blood cx and sensitivity

A
  1. results help guide tx so that narrower spectrum ATBs can be used
  2. when the source of infection is not easily available (ie IE)
  3. source of fever cannot be determined
60
Q

a positive blood culture result might occur in which of the following situations?

a. viral PNA
b. renal failure
c. viral enteritis
d. bacterial pyelonephritis

A

d

ADV DIAG (23 decks)

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