Osteoporosis

Question 1

T-score for osteoporosis

Answer 1

-2.5 or less

Question 2

T-score measured at

Answer 2

spine or hips

Question 3

risk factors that are due to high osteoclast activity

Answer 3

adrenal gland hyperplasia
glucocorticoids
RA
bone cancer

Question 4

risk factor that is due to low OPG

Answer 4

postmenopausal women

Question 5

first line drug in postmenopausal women

Answer 5

bisphosphonates

Question 6

MoA of bisphosphonates

Answer 6

a) binds to hydroxyapetite which leads to osteoclast apoptosis
b) inhibition of cholesterol biosynthetic pathway important for osteoclast function

Question 7

bisphosphonates contraindications

Answer 7

severe renal impairment
hypocalcemia
esophageal abnormality
pregnancy

Question 8

Toxicity of bisphosphonates

Answer 8

esophagitis & esophageal ulcers (Alendronate, risendronate, ibandronate)
osteonecrosis of the jaw
osteomalacia (Etidronate)
renal impairment

Question 9

alternate drug for postmenopausal women who are intolerant to bisphosphonates

Answer 9

Raloxifene (SERM)

Question 10

Toxicity of Raloxifene

Answer 10

hot flashes
leg cramps
venous thromboembolism

Question 11

drug that reduces the risk of breast cancer

Answer 11

Raloxifene

Question 12

drug for women who are atleast 5 years postmenopausal

Answer 12

Calcitonin

Question 13

Toxicity of calcitonin

Answer 13

rhinitis
and other nasal symptoms

Question 14

Denusumab MoA

Answer 14

blocks the binding of RankL to Rank by binding to RankL

Question 15

recombinant form of PTH

Answer 15

Teriparatide