Osteopenia and Osteoporosis

Question 1

Risk factors for osteopenia and osteoporosis

Answer 1

Lifestyle
Medications
Genetic Polymorphisms
Diseases

Question 2

1. A condition that begins as you lose bone mass and your bones get weaker.
2. What is the normal T score of bone density in the young adult mean?
3. What is the T score of bone density for osteopenia?
4. What is the T score of bone density for osteoporosis?
5. What about the T score of bone density for severe osteoporosis?

Answer 2

1. Osteopenia
2. Not more than 1.0 SD below the young adult mean.
3. Between 1.0 and 2.5 SD below the young adult mean.
4. More than 2.5 SD below the young adult mean
5. More than 2.5 SD below the young adult mean with a fracture.

Question 3

Give medications that imposes the risk of having a osteopenia and osteoporosis.

Answer 3

1, Phenytoin
2. Cytotoxic/Antineoplastic Drugs
3. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Paroxetine)
4. Antiretroviral therapy
5. Cyclosporine
6. Furosemide
7. High dose methrotrexate
8. Oversupplementation with Levothyroxine
9. Omeprazole
10. Vitamine A
11. Thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone)

Question 4

Give diseases that imposes the risk of having a osteopenia and osteoporosis.

Answer 4

1. Malabsorption syndromes
2. Liver Disease
3. Hyperthyroidism
4. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
5. Cancer
6. Chronic Renal Failure
7. COPD
8. RA
9. Sarcoidosis

Question 5

Give genetic polymorphisms that imposes the risk of having a osteopenia and osteoporosis.

Answer 5

1. Calcitonin Receptor
2. Estrogen Receptor-1
3. Type 1 Collagen Alpha 1-chain
4. Vitamin D Receptor
5. LRP5 (Low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein)