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MSS - MSK Exam 1 > Osteology of the Spine > Flashcards

Osteology of the Spine Flashcards

1
Q

total number of vertebrae?

A

33

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2
Q

how many of each vertebral type?

A 
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral (fused)
4 coccygeal (usually fused)
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3
Q

what is unique about the spinal column?

A

no two vertebrae are alike

**like a puzzle

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4
Q

sacralization?

A

fusion of fifth lumbar with sacrum

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5
Q

lumbarization?

A

failure of fusion of the first sacral vertebrae with sacrum

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6
Q

trends of vertebrae?

A

become larger inferiorly with increased weight bearing function

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7
Q

function of vertebral body?

A

supports body weight

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8
Q

form of vertebral body?

A 
inner trabecular (cancellous) bone
outer compact bone layer
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9
Q

what can lead to compression fracture?

A

demineralization of spongy bone

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10
Q

trends of vertebral foramen?

A

**spinal cord formed first

larger where you go to limbs

cervical and lumbar - triangular

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11
Q

vertebral arch?

A

made up of pedicle and lamina

protects the spinal cord

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12
Q

formation of transverse process?

A

fusion of pedicle and lamina

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13
Q

formation of spinous process?

A

fusion of two lamina

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14
Q

function of processes?

A

muscle attachments

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15
Q

function of articular processes?

A

restriction of movement

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16
Q

atypical cervical vertebrae?

A

CV1, CV2, and CV7

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17
Q

characteristics of cervical vertebrae?

A

smaller body
larger vertebral foramen

has transverse foramen

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18
Q

transverse process of cervical vertebrae?

A

has sulcus for spinal nerve

has posterior and anterior tubercle

**unique to cervical vertebrae

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19
Q

vertebral notches

A

superior and inferior indentations of pedicle

-form the intervertebral foramen

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20
Q

spinous process of cervical vertebrae?

A

short
**bifid
downward projection

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21
Q

articulating facets of cervical vertebrae?

A

obliquely and coronally oriented

allow movement

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22
Q

CV1

A

atlas

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23
Q

unique to atlas?

A

has no body

constructed of two lateral masses connected by anterior and posterior arch

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24
Q

anterior arch of atlas?

A

tubercle and facet for dens (of CV2)

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25
Q

posterior arch of axis?

A

tubercle and sulcus for vertebral artery

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26
Q

sulcus for vertebral artery?

A

on posterior arch of axis

27
Q

how to tell if you are anterior atlas?

A

it has kidney bean shape

28
Q

articulation of skull-CV1?

A

extend/flex neck

29
Q

articulation of CV1-CV2?

A

rotate head

30
Q

when skull moves what else moves?

31
Q

first bifid spinous process?

32
Q

odontoid process?

A

dens

on the superior axis

33
Q

vertebra prominens

A

long spinous process of CV7

34
Q

body of thoracic?

A

heat-shaped

**has two costal facets per side

35
Q

how to number ribs?

A

take the number of vertebrae below

-bc of articulation with the transverse process facet

36
Q

atypical thoracic vertebrae?

A

1, 10, 11, 12

**have a singular complete facet for rib

37
Q

demi facet?

A

costal facet on thoracic vertebrae

38
Q

articulation of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

oriented vertically in coronal plane

  • superior - posterior, superior, lateral
  • inferior - anterior, inferior, medial
39
Q

spinous processes of the thoracic?

A

overlap one another

directed inferiorly

40
Q

transverse process of thoracic?

A

has a facet for articulation with costal tubercle of rib

41
Q

vertebral foramen of thoracic?

A

circular

**most narrow diameter of entire column

42
Q

lumbar body?

A

increased in size for weight-bearing

43
Q

lumbar pedicle?

A

short but strong

44
Q

articulation of the lumbar?

A

oriented vertically and SAGITALLY**

  • superior - medial
  • inferior - lateral
45
Q

what facilitates a lumbar puncture?

A

short and non-overlapping laminae

46
Q

pars interarticularis

A

area of lamina between superior and inferior articulating processes

47
Q

spinous processes of lumbar?

A

thick and strong

project dorsal for erector spinae attachment

48
Q

mamillary processes?

A

**lumbar vertebrae
on posterolateral surface of superior articulating surface
-muscle attachment sites

49
Q

accessory mamillary processes?

A

muscle attachment between transverse process and superior articulating process

50
Q

vertebral foramen of the lumbar?

A

triangulated

51
Q

where does spinal cord end?

A

L1-L2

so you can spinal tap below that

**lumbar puncture in child - as low as possible

52
Q

sacrum?

A

five fused vertebrae

53
Q

ala?

A

fused cotal and transverse processes of sacral vertebrae

54
Q

articular surface of sacrum?

A

articulates with ilium of os coxa

55
Q

median sacral crest?

A

fusion of spinous processes

56
Q

intermediate sacral crest?

A

fusion of articular processes

57
Q

lateral sacral crest?

A

fusion of transverse processes

58
Q

sacral hiatus?

A

opening at base of sacrum

**failure of fusion of the SV5 and sometimes SV4

59
Q

sacral cornua?

A

horns of the unfused sacrum forming the sacral hiatus

tubercles of inferior articulating processes of SV5

60
Q

site of epidural injection?

A

sacral hiatus

61
Q

coccyx

A

four fused segments

consists of bodies only

62
Q

coccygeal horns

A

posterior tubercles which when articulated with sacral horns form the fifth sacral vertebral foramen

63
Q

stability of regions of the spinal column?

A

body and two pillars form a triangle

lumbar has equilateral triangle (most stable)

as you go down the pillars get farther apart

64
Q

promontory?

A

anterior edge of the sacrum

MSS - MSK Exam 1 (11 decks)

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