Muscles of the Back: Superficial

Question 1

What is the spinal process of C7?

Answer 1

Vertebra prominens

Question 2

vertebra prominens

Answer 2

spinal process of C7

Question 3

why is there a high degree of mobility in the upper limb?

Answer 3

only one bony attachment to the torso
-sternoclavicular articulation

clavicle acts as strut for the glenohumeral articulation

all other attachments of scapula/humerus to the torso are muscular

Question 4

what is the bony attachment of the upper limb to the torso?

Answer 4

sterno-clavicular joint

rest are muscles!

Question 5

actions of the scapula?

Answer 5

depression, elevation, retraction, protraction

Question 6

axis of rotation of scapula?

Answer 6

at the medial base attachment of spine to the scapula

-this is important in determining the actions

Question 7

what are the superficial back muscles?

Answer 7

**attach scapula to spine

layer 1 - trapezius and latissimus dorsi
layer 2 - rhomboid major and minor and levator scapulae

Question 8

what are the intermediate back muscles?

Answer 8

**involved in respiration

layer 3 - serattus posterior superior and inferior

Question 9

what are the deep back muscles?

Answer 9

**involved in spinal extension, sidebending, and rotation

layer 4 - erector spinae, splenius capitis and cervicis
layer 5 - transversospinalis (semispinalis, multifidus, and roratores)
layer 6 - intersegmental muscles (interspinales and intertransversarii)

Question 10

what are the suboccipital back muscles?

Answer 10

**extension sidebending, rotation of skull

rectus capitis posterior major and minor
obliquus capitis superior and inferior

Question 11

borders of triangle of auscultation?

Answer 11

lat, trap, rhomboid major

*protract scapula to make it bigger

Question 12

attachments of the trapezius?

Answer 12

Origin:
external occipital protuberance
superior nuchal line
CV7 to TV12 spinous processes

Insertion:
lateral superior border of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Question 13

actions of the trapezius?

Answer 13

superior fibers - elevates scapula and assists in upward rotation of the glenoid cavity
middle fibers - retraction of scapula
inferior fibers - upward rotation of glenoid cavity

Question 14

innervation of the trapezius?

Answer 14

CN XI - spinal accessory (motor)

Ventral Rami of CV3 and CV4 (sensory)

Question 15

attachments of latissimus dorsi?

Answer 15

Origin:
spinous process TV6-TV12
via thoracolumbar fascia to all lumbar and sacral
outersurface of ribs 9-12
inferior angle of scapula

Insertion:
intertubercular groove of humerus
**inferior fibers of lat become superior insertion

Question 16

actions of latissimus dorsi

Answer 16

adducts, extends, and medially rotates humerus

Question 17

innervations of the latissimus dorsi?

Answer 17

thoracodorsal nerve

Question 18

attachments of levator scapulae?

Answer 18

Origin:
transverse processes CV1-CV4

Insertion:
medial border of scapula superior to spine root

Question 19

action of levator scapulae?

Answer 19

elevate scapula, assist in downward rotation to glenoid cavity

Question 20

innervation of levator scapulae?

Answer 20

dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

C3 and C4

Question 21

attachment of rhomboideus minor?

Answer 21

Origin:
spinous process of C7 to T1

Insertion:
Medial border of scapula at spine root

Question 22

action of rhomboideus minor?

Answer 22

retracts scapula
downward rotation of glenoid cavity
little bit of elevation

Question 23

innervation of rhomboideus minor?

Answer 23

dorsal scapular nerve

Question 24

attachment of rhomboideus major?

Answer 24

Origin:
spinous process TV2-TV5

Insertion:
medial border of scapula from root of spine to inferior angle

Question 25

action of rhomboideus major?

Answer 25

retracts scapula
downward rotation of glenoid cavity
little bit of elevation

Question 26

innervation of rhomboideus major?

Answer 26

dorsal scapular nerve

Question 27

innervation of trapezius?

Answer 27

cranial nerve 11 (spinal accessory)

-motor

Question 28

does a muscle or tendon need only a motor component?

Answer 28

no, needs proprioceptive sensory as well

Question 29

location of triangle of auscultation?

Answer 29

superficial to the 6th intercostal space

Question 30

where are most muscles innervated?

Answer 30

their deep surface

Question 31

latissimus dorsi is what?

Answer 31

all thing thoracodorsal nerve, vein, artery

-off of axila

Question 32

thyrocervical trunk

Answer 32

deep in the anterior neck

-has branch of the transverse cervical artery

Question 33

transverse cervical artery?

Answer 33

deep to the trapezius

Question 34

deep branch of transverse cervical artery?

Answer 34

deep to rhomboids and levator scapulae**

Question 35

superficial branch of transverse cervical artery?

Answer 35

superficial to rhomboids**

accompanies the spinal accessory nerve

Question 36

difference in transverse cervical artery?

Answer 36

may not have deep branch

-instead has the dorsal scapular nerve

Question 37

how many muscles in superficial back?

Answer 37

5

trap, lat, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae

Question 38

innervation of the superficial back?

Answer 38

ventral primary rami of cervical spinal nerves

**except trapezius - spinal accessory nerve