Intro to Radiology Flashcards
diagnostic imaging
visual imaging of pathologic anatomy and pathologic metabolism
x-rays
ionizing radiation
-gamma rays or X rays or particulate radiation
sufficient energy to remove electrons from the atoms of material
who discovered X-rays
Dr. W. C. Rontgen
what three things use X-rays
radiographs, CAT scans, fluoroscopy
gamma rays
in nuclear medicine
ultrasound
sound waves
MRI
uses spinning protons
ionizing radiation
removes electron
-always small risk
CT and CAT scans
fancy radiographs
contrast radiography
uses X-rays after contrast
fluoroscopy
real-time radiography
angiography
contrast in heart
advantage of CT
density discrimination and increased contrast
can look in 3D
functional information
less invasive
very fine detail possible depending on slice
rapid evaluation of critical patient
nuclear medicine
function rather than anatomy
use radiotracers (radiopharmaceutlcals)
cancer tumor localization
(unclear medicine) bc its fuzzy imaging
how to detect GI bleed?
nuclear medicine
PET scans
use FDG - F-fluorodeoxyglucose
glucose analog
ultrasound
uses sound
advantages of ultrasound?
safe, noninvasive, inexpensive, visualize motion
dissadvantages of ultrasound?
highly dependent on skilled technologist
will not penetrate bone or air
many artifacts
ultrasound
can see turbulent flow and measure rate
MRI
uses spinning protons
advantages of MRI?
multiplanar ability
insensitive to obscuration by bone
better soft tissue contrast
disadvantages of MRI?
low signal areas difficult to distinguish (lungs)
claustrophobia
some medical devices (ferromagnetic) BAD!
artifact prone
patient monitoring difficult
MRI good for?
brain and spine imaging
NG tube
both ports in stomach
to get rid of excess gas
dobhoff tube
has to be below EG junction
prefer in duodenum
feeding tube
ETT
endotracheal tube
for breathing
should be 5-7cm above carina
PIC/IJ/SVC
should be in mid SVC
clue for venous catheter poor placement
red pulsating blood
if feeding tube in trachea?
take another chest X-ray!!
carina
branch of bronchi in trachea
subdural hematoma
venous bleed (slow) crescent shaped
acute, subacute, or chronic
can cross sutures
not normally a medical emergency
epidural hematoma
arterial bleed (fast)
football shaped
also limited by sutures!
medical EMERGENCY
usually from acute trauma
