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MSS - MSK Exam 1 > Clinical Correlations of the Back > Flashcards

Clinical Correlations of the Back Flashcards

1
Q

scoliosis

A

most common spinal deformity
can be due to short leg
also can be due to spina bifida, muscular dystrophy and even osteoporosis

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2
Q

congenital scoliosis

A

wedge-shaped hemivertebrae

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3
Q

curves of scoliosis?

A

primary and secondary

spinous process toward center of curve

nerve spacing is narrower inside curve

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4
Q

treatment of scoliosis?

A

bracing or internal fixation

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5
Q

traumatic compression fx?

A

body weight rapid deceleration

or rapid load bearing

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6
Q

associated conditions with compression fractures?

A

osteoporotic weakened trabeculae or neoplastic cancer (via Batson’s plexus) that weakens bone

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7
Q

what vertebrae are more likely to be dislocated?

A

cervical

**bc of reduced mass and articular facet orientation

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8
Q

harrington rods

A

used to surgically repair a scoliotic curve

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9
Q

jefferson fracture

A

burst fracture of atlas

fx of anterior and posterior arches

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10
Q

hangman’s fracture

A

pars interarticularis of axis (CV2) fracture
-disrupts C2/C3 IV disc

basically a spondylolysthesis

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11
Q

what do you need to do with blow out disc?

A

need to fuse them

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12
Q

most common dislocation in cervical region?

A

CV6

its where you run out of room and pressure hits there

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13
Q

complete fracture of dens?

A

avascular necrosis can result

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14
Q

pathologic fracture

A

due to some current medical problem

ex/ osteoporosis or metastesis

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15
Q

rupture of transverse ligament of atlas?

A

allows atlas to move in AP direction and can pinch on the spinal cord

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16
Q

breast ovary prostate hodgkins lymphmoa

A

batson’s plexus

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17
Q

down syndrome?

A

missing a transverse ligament of atlas

-increased susceptibility to atlanto-axial subluxation

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18
Q

hung facet

A

overlapped facets

cannot self reduce

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19
Q

which is more delicate CV1 or CV2

A

CV1 (atlas) because it has no body

20
Q

fracture of dens

A

can go unnoticed if the transverse ligament of atlas is still intact

21
Q

rupture of alar ligaments?

A

can lead to increased rotation of skull laterally

can be caused by increased with rotation of skull when it is in flexion

22
Q

spondylolysis

A

fracture of pars interarticularis

23
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

bilateral spondylolysis

vertebrae slide forward

most common site - LV5 on SV1

24
Q

spina bifida occulta

A

neural arch defects at LV5 or SV1 predominantly
-tuft of hair often indicates area of defect

can be complete or partial

25
Q

how many pictures to confirm diagnosis?

A

2!

26
Q

spinal stenosis

A

narrowing spinal canal

-also in IV foramen

will give you different symptoms

27
Q

laminectomy

A

surgical removal of spinal processes and adjacent lamina

28
Q

foraminotomy

A

surgical enlargement of IV foramen to relieve pressure on spinal nerves

29
Q

spondylosis

A

degeneration of vertebrae body and IV discs

water content of cartilage decreases with age

degeneration leads to inflammation and osteophyte formation

30
Q

osteophyte

A

bone spur

31
Q

what can result from spondylosis

A

narrowed IV foramen

-can lead to radiculopathy

32
Q

osteoarthritis of what joints?

A

zygapophyseal joints

  • same pathology of spondylosis
  • further narrowing of IV foramen
33
Q

radicular pain

A

from nerve root impingement as well as inflammation

34
Q

thecal sac

A

inside dura

35
Q

what ligament injuries are worse?

A

hyperextension
-can tear anterior longitudinal spinal ligament

whiplash

36
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

fusion of spine due to inflammation of synovial joints

usually 3rd and 4th decade of life

37
Q

bamboo spine

A

radiologic landmark of ankylosing spondylitis

38
Q

HLA B-27

A

genetic protein marker associated with ankylosing spondylitis

39
Q

cause of herniated disk?

A

sudden hyperflexion

40
Q

pain from tear of annulus

A

acute pain

41
Q

pain from disk herniation over time

A

chronic pain

compression of nerve root

42
Q

paraplegia

A

impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities

43
Q

parasthesia

A

numbness/tingling

44
Q

lumbar puncture

A

passes through ligamentum flavum
-removeal of CSF

passes through dura and arachnoid to subarachnoid space (CSF)

45
Q

location of lumbar puncture ?

A

LV3/4 LV4/5
-spinal cord ends LV1-2

**neonate - LV4-5

46
Q

caudal epidural anasthesia

A

needle passes through sacral hiatus to surround the cauda equina

relieves pelvic pain without affecting motor control

no change in motor control bc it originates higher in spinal cord**

MSS - MSK Exam 1 (11 decks)

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