Osteology

Question 1

What is osteology?

Answer 1

The study of bones.

Question 2

List some functions of bones.

Answer 2

• support
• facilitate movement
• provide continuous supple of new blood cells (marrow)
• protect vital organs
• mineral storage

Question 3

Which type of cartilage is avascular?

Answer 3

Hyaline

Question 4

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 4

On the ends of bones (articulating surfaces)

Question 5

What are examples of elastic cartilage?

Answer 5

external ear (pinna) and the epiglottis

Question 6

What is the function of fibrous cartilage and give an example of where it can be found in the body.

Answer 6

Build for toughness, discs of spine.

Question 7

what 3 cell types mainly remodel bones? Describe them.

Answer 7

Osteoblasts; bone building cells
Osteocytes; mature osteoblasts
Osteoclasts; bone breakdown cells (reabsorb bone)

Question 8

List the 5 classifications of bones based on their shape.

Answer 8

• long bones
• short bones
• irregular bones
• flat bones
• sesamoid bones

Question 9

What are the 2 types of bone?

Answer 9

Compact and Spongy

Question 10

What is the function of compact bone?

Answer 10

Strength for weight bearing and muscle attachment sites.

Question 11

What does spongy bone do to a bone?

Answer 11

Decrease the weight of bones

Question 12

Describe Diaphysis, Metaphysis, Epiphysis of a long bone.

Answer 12

D-cylindrical SHAFT of a long bone

M-flared part of the diaphysis

E-enlarged end of a long bone

Question 13

What is the periosteum of a long bone?

Answer 13

Dense white fibrous CT surrounding the cortex

Question 14

What is the fibrous CT surrounding cartilage?

Answer 14

perichondrium

Question 15

What is the lining of the medullary cavity which contains osteoblast and osteoclasts to promote ongoing remodelling/growth?

Answer 15

Endosteum

Question 16

Where is the cortex located?

Answer 16

outer later of bone

Question 17

Where is the medullary cavity located?

Answer 17

inner cavity within the diaphysis.

Question 18

Where does primary ossification occur?

Answer 18

diaphysis

Question 19

Where does secondary ossification occur?

Answer 19

Metaphyses and epiphyses

Question 20

What are growth plates called?

Answer 20

Epiphyseal Plates

Question 21

What is a clinical marker fro age regarding long bones?

Answer 21

Epiphyseal Plates.

Question 22

What are nutrient arteries?

Answer 22

Branches of adjacent arteries outside of periosteum which pass through compact bone in the shaft of the long bone and dives in the medullary cavity and goes towards the epiphyses.

Question 23

What are small branches that nourish most of the compact bone (long bone)?

Answer 23

Periosteal arteries.

Question 24

What do periosteal nerves do?

Answer 24

Carry pain fibers through the periosteum.

Question 25

Which nerves constrict or dilate blood vessel to regulate blood flow through the marrow?

Answer 25

Vasomotor nerves.

Question 26

What are the areas of the skull that decrease weight?

Answer 26

Sinuses.

Question 27

Which bone is apart of the appendicular skeleton?

a) L4
b) manubrium
c) occipital bone
d) pisiform
e) mandible

Answer 27

d) pisiform

Question 28

What are the functions of red and yellow bone marrow?

Answer 28

Red Marrow: blood cell formation

Yellow Marrow: mineral storage

Question 29

What are the functions of most bone markings and formations?

Answer 29

Appear where another structure is going to attach or where arteries lie within the bone (or tendons attachments)

Question 30

Before ossification, what type of cartilage do all bones begin as?

Answer 30

Hyaline cartilage

Question 31

Where are the epiphyseal lines located?

Answer 31

Between the diaphysis and epiphysis

Question 32

How long does it take usually for epiphyseal lines to ossify?

Answer 32

Approx. 20 years of age

Question 33

What is the vasculature of bones?

Answer 33

How bones get their blood supply.