Osteology Flashcards
What is osteology?
The study of bones.
List some functions of bones.
- support
- facilitate movement
- provide continuous supple of new blood cells (marrow)
- protect vital organs
- mineral storage
Which type of cartilage is avascular?
Hyaline
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
On the ends of bones (articulating surfaces)
What are examples of elastic cartilage?
external ear (pinna) and the epiglottis
What is the function of fibrous cartilage and give an example of where it can be found in the body.
Build for toughness, discs of spine.
what 3 cell types mainly remodel bones? Describe them.
Osteoblasts; bone building cells
Osteocytes; mature osteoblasts
Osteoclasts; bone breakdown cells (reabsorb bone)
List the 5 classifications of bones based on their shape.
- long bones
- short bones
- irregular bones
- flat bones
- sesamoid bones
What are the 2 types of bone?
Compact and Spongy
What is the function of compact bone?
Strength for weight bearing and muscle attachment sites.
What does spongy bone do to a bone?
Decrease the weight of bones
Describe Diaphysis, Metaphysis, Epiphysis of a long bone.
D-cylindrical SHAFT of a long bone
M-flared part of the diaphysis
E-enlarged end of a long bone
What is the periosteum of a long bone?
Dense white fibrous CT surrounding the cortex
What is the fibrous CT surrounding cartilage?
perichondrium
What is the lining of the medullary cavity which contains osteoblast and osteoclasts to promote ongoing remodelling/growth?
Endosteum
Where is the cortex located?
outer later of bone
Where is the medullary cavity located?
inner cavity within the diaphysis.
Where does primary ossification occur?
diaphysis
Where does secondary ossification occur?
Metaphyses and epiphyses
What are growth plates called?
Epiphyseal Plates
What is a clinical marker fro age regarding long bones?
Epiphyseal Plates.
What are nutrient arteries?
Branches of adjacent arteries outside of periosteum which pass through compact bone in the shaft of the long bone and dives in the medullary cavity and goes towards the epiphyses.
What are small branches that nourish most of the compact bone (long bone)?
Periosteal arteries.
What do periosteal nerves do?
Carry pain fibers through the periosteum.
Which nerves constrict or dilate blood vessel to regulate blood flow through the marrow?
Vasomotor nerves.
What are the areas of the skull that decrease weight?
Sinuses.
Which bone is apart of the appendicular skeleton?
a) L4
b) manubrium
c) occipital bone
d) pisiform
e) mandible
d) pisiform
What are the functions of red and yellow bone marrow?
Red Marrow: blood cell formation
Yellow Marrow: mineral storage
What are the functions of most bone markings and formations?
Appear where another structure is going to attach or where arteries lie within the bone (or tendons attachments)
Before ossification, what type of cartilage do all bones begin as?
Hyaline cartilage
Where are the epiphyseal lines located?
Between the diaphysis and epiphysis
How long does it take usually for epiphyseal lines to ossify?
Approx. 20 years of age
What is the vasculature of bones?
How bones get their blood supply.
