Arthrology

Question 1

What is arthrology?

Answer 1

The study of joints.

Question 2

What are the 2 ways of classifying joints?

Answer 2

Functional or Structural.

Question 3

How is functional classification of joints determined?

Answer 3

By the amount of movement that occurs at the joint.

Question 4

What are the 3 types of functional classifications of joints? Describe them.

Answer 4

Synarthrosis: immovable
Ampiarthrosis: slightly moveable
Diarthrosis: freely moveable

Question 5

What is an example of a Synarthrosis joint?

Answer 5

Sutures of the skull.

Question 6

Symphyses Pubis and Invertebral discs are examples of what functional classification of joints?

Answer 6

Ampiarthrosis

Question 7

Give 2 examples of Diarthrosis joints.

Answer 7

knee and elbow joints.

Question 8

List the 3 structural classifications of joints.

Answer 8

• Fibrous
• Cartilaginous
• Synovial

Question 9

What is the structural classifications of joints based on?

Answer 9

By the composition of the joints.

Question 10

Bones that are held closely together with fibrous connective tissue and allow for little to movement are classified structurally as what type of joint?

Answer 10

Fibrous

Question 11

Describe the articulation of cartilaginous joints.

Answer 11

Bones are joined together by hyaline cartilage

Question 12

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 12

Synchondroses and Symphyses

Question 13

Describe synovial joints.

Answer 13

Have a joint space and capsule that are usually reinforced by ligaments which allow for free movement of the articulating bones. The articulating surfaces of each bone are lined with hyaline cartilage.

Question 14

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

Answer 14

• Plane
• Hinge
• Saddle
• Condyloid
• Ball and Socket
• Pivot

Question 15

Depending on the type of synovial joint; it will allow movement in which axes? (how many)

Answer 15

• Uniaxial
• Biaxial
• Multiaxial

Question 16

Which type of synovial joint permits gliding movements of 2 flat surfaces? (Acromioclavicular joint, tarsals, carpals)

Answer 16

Plane Joints

Question 17

Describe hinge joints and their movements.

Answer 17

Permits flexion and extension ONLY

-Knee and Elbow joints

Question 18

The 1st carpometacarpal joint (thumb) is which type of synovial joint?

Answer 18

Saddle Joint

Question 19

What synovial joint permits abduction, adduction, flexion and extension? Even circumduction?

Answer 19

Saddle Joints

Question 20

Explain the structure of a Condyloid joint.

Answer 20

One convex surface fits into concave surface of another bone.

Question 21

Knuckles are examples of which type of synovial joint?

Answer 21

Condyloid joints

Question 22

Which type of synovial joint allows for free movement in many planes and one surface is shaped like a ball and the other is a matching socket? Give 2 examples.

Answer 22

Ball and Socket Joint

-Hip and Shoulder

Question 23

Describe the movement allowed within pivot joints?

Answer 23

Allows for rotation around a central axis ONLY.

Question 24

What are 2 examples of pivot joints?

Answer 24

Atlantoaxial joint and the superior radio-ulnar joint

Question 25

What are the 2 types of ligaments?

Answer 25

Capsular and Accessory

Question 26

What are the most common injuries to ligaments?

Answer 26

Sprain

Question 27

What are ligaments composed of?

Answer 27

Made of fibrous connective tissue

Question 28

What is the purpose of ligaments?

Answer 28

Connect bone to bone | -also supports joint capsules

Question 29

Which type of cartilage corresponds with each type of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 29

Hyaline cartilage = Synchondroses | Fibrocartilage = Symphyses

Question 30

Which of the following is an example of elastic cartilage? a) pinna b) pubic Symphysis c) ends of long bone d) Acromioclavicular joint disc e) Invertebral discs

Answer 30

a) pinna

Question 31

What does "artho" mean?

Answer 31

"Joint"

Question 32

Within cartilaginous joints. which type of cartilage is which type of joint?

Answer 32

``` Hyaline= Synchondroses Fibrocartilage= Symphysis ```

Question 33

What structure of the joint capsule nourishes the joint?

Answer 33

The synovial membrane lining of the capsule.

Question 34

What is the function of synovial fluid?

Answer 34

Synovial fluid is found in the cavities of synovial joints which reduces the friction between articulating cartilages if the synovial joints during movement.

Question 35

What does the type of synovial joint depend on?

Answer 35

Depends on the shape of the articulating surfaces. (Shaped of the bones at the articulation points)

Question 36

What is the difference between capsular and accessory ligaments regarding joints?

Answer 36

``` Capsular= part of the joint capsule Accessory= outside of the joint, reinforces capsule? (Collateral Ligaments) ```

Question 37

What do tendons attach?

Answer 37

Muscle to bone.