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Human Anatomy (kin) > Arthrology > Flashcards

Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

What is arthrology?

A

The study of joints.

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2
Q

What are the 2 ways of classifying joints?

A

Functional or Structural.

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3
Q

How is functional classification of joints determined?

A

By the amount of movement that occurs at the joint.

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of functional classifications of joints? Describe them.

A

Synarthrosis: immovable
Ampiarthrosis: slightly moveable
Diarthrosis: freely moveable

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5
Q

What is an example of a Synarthrosis joint?

A

Sutures of the skull.

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6
Q

Symphyses Pubis and Invertebral discs are examples of what functional classification of joints?

A

Ampiarthrosis

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7
Q

Give 2 examples of Diarthrosis joints.

A

knee and elbow joints.

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8
Q

List the 3 structural classifications of joints.

A
  • Fibrous
  • Cartilaginous
  • Synovial
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9
Q

What is the structural classifications of joints based on?

A

By the composition of the joints.

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10
Q

Bones that are held closely together with fibrous connective tissue and allow for little to movement are classified structurally as what type of joint?

A

Fibrous

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11
Q

Describe the articulation of cartilaginous joints.

A

Bones are joined together by hyaline cartilage

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?

A

Synchondroses and Symphyses

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13
Q

Describe synovial joints.

A

Have a joint space and capsule that are usually reinforced by ligaments which allow for free movement of the articulating bones. The articulating surfaces of each bone are lined with hyaline cartilage.

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14
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

A
  • Plane
  • Hinge
  • Saddle
  • Condyloid
  • Ball and Socket
  • Pivot
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15
Q

Depending on the type of synovial joint; it will allow movement in which axes? (how many)

A
  • Uniaxial
  • Biaxial
  • Multiaxial
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16
Q

Which type of synovial joint permits gliding movements of 2 flat surfaces? (Acromioclavicular joint, tarsals, carpals)

A

Plane Joints

17
Q

Describe hinge joints and their movements.

A

Permits flexion and extension ONLY

-Knee and Elbow joints

18
Q

The 1st carpometacarpal joint (thumb) is which type of synovial joint?

A

Saddle Joint

19
Q

What synovial joint permits abduction, adduction, flexion and extension? Even circumduction?

A

Saddle Joints

20
Q

Explain the structure of a Condyloid joint.

A

One convex surface fits into concave surface of another bone.

21
Q

Knuckles are examples of which type of synovial joint?

A

Condyloid joints

22
Q

Which type of synovial joint allows for free movement in many planes and one surface is shaped like a ball and the other is a matching socket? Give 2 examples.

A

Ball and Socket Joint

-Hip and Shoulder

23
Q

Describe the movement allowed within pivot joints?

A

Allows for rotation around a central axis ONLY.

24
Q

What are 2 examples of pivot joints?

A

Atlantoaxial joint and the superior radio-ulnar joint

25
Q

What are the 2 types of ligaments?

A

Capsular and Accessory

26
Q

What are the most common injuries to ligaments?

A

Sprain

27
Q

What are ligaments composed of?

A

Made of fibrous connective tissue

28
Q

What is the purpose of ligaments?

A

Connect bone to bone

-also supports joint capsules

29
Q

Which type of cartilage corresponds with each type of cartilaginous joints?

A

Hyaline cartilage = Synchondroses

Fibrocartilage = Symphyses

30
Q

Which of the following is an example of elastic cartilage?

a) pinna
b) pubic Symphysis
c) ends of long bone
d) Acromioclavicular joint disc
e) Invertebral discs

A

a) pinna

31
Q

What does “artho” mean?

A

“Joint”

32
Q

Within cartilaginous joints. which type of cartilage is which type of joint?

A 
Hyaline= Synchondroses
Fibrocartilage= Symphysis
33
Q

What structure of the joint capsule nourishes the joint?

A

The synovial membrane lining of the capsule.

34
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid?

A

Synovial fluid is found in the cavities of synovial joints which reduces the friction between articulating cartilages if the synovial joints during movement.

35
Q

What does the type of synovial joint depend on?

A

Depends on the shape of the articulating surfaces. (Shaped of the bones at the articulation points)

36
Q

What is the difference between capsular and accessory ligaments regarding joints?

A 
Capsular= part of the joint capsule
Accessory= outside of the joint, reinforces capsule? (Collateral Ligaments)
37
Q

What do tendons attach?

A

Muscle to bone.

Human Anatomy (kin) (14 decks)

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