Arthrology Flashcards
What is arthrology?
The study of joints.
What are the 2 ways of classifying joints?
Functional or Structural.
How is functional classification of joints determined?
By the amount of movement that occurs at the joint.
What are the 3 types of functional classifications of joints? Describe them.
Synarthrosis: immovable
Ampiarthrosis: slightly moveable
Diarthrosis: freely moveable
What is an example of a Synarthrosis joint?
Sutures of the skull.
Symphyses Pubis and Invertebral discs are examples of what functional classification of joints?
Ampiarthrosis
Give 2 examples of Diarthrosis joints.
knee and elbow joints.
List the 3 structural classifications of joints.
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
What is the structural classifications of joints based on?
By the composition of the joints.
Bones that are held closely together with fibrous connective tissue and allow for little to movement are classified structurally as what type of joint?
Fibrous
Describe the articulation of cartilaginous joints.
Bones are joined together by hyaline cartilage
What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?
Synchondroses and Symphyses
Describe synovial joints.
Have a joint space and capsule that are usually reinforced by ligaments which allow for free movement of the articulating bones. The articulating surfaces of each bone are lined with hyaline cartilage.
What are the 6 types of synovial joints?
- Plane
- Hinge
- Saddle
- Condyloid
- Ball and Socket
- Pivot
Depending on the type of synovial joint; it will allow movement in which axes? (how many)
- Uniaxial
- Biaxial
- Multiaxial
Which type of synovial joint permits gliding movements of 2 flat surfaces? (Acromioclavicular joint, tarsals, carpals)
Plane Joints
Describe hinge joints and their movements.
Permits flexion and extension ONLY
-Knee and Elbow joints
The 1st carpometacarpal joint (thumb) is which type of synovial joint?
Saddle Joint
What synovial joint permits abduction, adduction, flexion and extension? Even circumduction?
Saddle Joints
Explain the structure of a Condyloid joint.
One convex surface fits into concave surface of another bone.
Knuckles are examples of which type of synovial joint?
Condyloid joints
Which type of synovial joint allows for free movement in many planes and one surface is shaped like a ball and the other is a matching socket? Give 2 examples.
Ball and Socket Joint
-Hip and Shoulder
Describe the movement allowed within pivot joints?
Allows for rotation around a central axis ONLY.
What are 2 examples of pivot joints?
Atlantoaxial joint and the superior radio-ulnar joint
What are the 2 types of ligaments?
Capsular and Accessory
What are the most common injuries to ligaments?
Sprain
What are ligaments composed of?
Made of fibrous connective tissue
What is the purpose of ligaments?
Connect bone to bone
-also supports joint capsules
Which type of cartilage corresponds with each type of cartilaginous joints?
Hyaline cartilage = Synchondroses
Fibrocartilage = Symphyses
Which of the following is an example of elastic cartilage?
a) pinna
b) pubic Symphysis
c) ends of long bone
d) Acromioclavicular joint disc
e) Invertebral discs
a) pinna
What does “artho” mean?
“Joint”
Within cartilaginous joints. which type of cartilage is which type of joint?
Hyaline= Synchondroses Fibrocartilage= Symphysis
What structure of the joint capsule nourishes the joint?
The synovial membrane lining of the capsule.
What is the function of synovial fluid?
Synovial fluid is found in the cavities of synovial joints which reduces the friction between articulating cartilages if the synovial joints during movement.
What does the type of synovial joint depend on?
Depends on the shape of the articulating surfaces. (Shaped of the bones at the articulation points)
What is the difference between capsular and accessory ligaments regarding joints?
Capsular= part of the joint capsule Accessory= outside of the joint, reinforces capsule? (Collateral Ligaments)
What do tendons attach?
Muscle to bone.
