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Human Anatomy (kin) > Foot > Flashcards

Foot Flashcards

1
Q

How many tarsal bones are there in the foot?

A

7

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2
Q

What is the heel bone?

A

Calcaneus

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3
Q

Which tarsal receives initial contact with the ground when walking?

A

Calcaneus

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4
Q

What landmark of the calcaneus is the attachment point for the spring ligament?

A

Sustentaculum Tali

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5
Q

What is the smooth surface of the talus?

A

Talar Dome

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6
Q

How is the talus located on the calcaneus?

A

Angled medially superiorly to the calcaneus and is supported by the spring ligament.

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7
Q

Which side of the foot is the navicular located?

A

Medial side of the mid foot

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8
Q

Which tarsal bone articulates with the anterior surface of the talus and the 3 cuneiforms distally and the cuboid laterally.

A

Navicular

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9
Q

Which tarsal is located lateral to the navicular?

A

Cuboid

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10
Q

How does the cuboid articulate with the other bones of the foot?

A

Articulates with the calcaneus proximally, distally to metatarsals 4 and 5, and 3rd cuneiform medially

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11
Q

What are the 3 cuneiforms?

A

Medial, intermediate, lateral OR 1,2,3

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12
Q

Which bone posteriorly articulates with the cuneiforms?

A

navicular

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13
Q

What is the name of the big toe?

A

Hallux

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14
Q

Which tarsals are considered the transition point from midfoot to the metatarsals?

A

Cuneiforms.

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15
Q

What is the function of the sesamoid bones located on the plantar side of the head of metatarsal 1?

A

Act as a pulley for the flexor muscles of the hallux during propulsion (toe off).

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16
Q

What are the 3 arches of the foot? What are their functions?

A
  • Medial Longitudinal Arch
  • Lateral Longitudinal Arch
  • Transverse Arch

They act as a spring to absorb ground reaction forces.

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17
Q

Which 2 structures support the medial longitudinal arch?

A

Spring Ligament and Planar Fascia

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18
Q

Of the 2 longitudinal arches, which is more stable?

A

Lateral.

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19
Q

Which arch is supported by the long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament, bifurcate ligament, and the plantar fascia?

A

Lateral Longitudinal Arch

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20
Q

What creates the transverse arch of the foot?

A

Created by the bases of metatarsals 1-5

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21
Q

What are the extreme cases of excessively flat or high arches of the foot called? Why is this a problem?

A

Pes Planus = flat
Pes Cavus = high

The arch is not able to absorb forces which are hen transmitted to the ones of the legs and can cause stress fractures.

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22
Q

What area of the body refers to the crural bones?

A

Tibia and Fibula (shin/lower leg)

23
Q

What is the joint of the ankle?

A

Talocrural joint

24
Q

What type of joint is the talocrural joint?

A

synovial hinge joint

25
Which bones articulate to form the talocrural joint?
Distal ends of the tibia and fibula and the talus.
26
What do the malleolus' do for the ankle joint?
Provide stability and contribute to the ankle mortise.
27
Which part of the talus fits into the mortise formed by the tibia and fibula?
Talar Dome
28
What is another name for the Subtalar joint?
talocalcaneal joint
29
At which joint does inversion/eversion occur?
Subtalar joint
30
What type of joint is the Subtalar joint?
Synovial Plane
31
What feature of the talus allows for a tight fit for the ankle mortise allowing dorsiflexion to be the most stable point of motion within the ankle joint and the least stable in plantarflexion?
The wider anterior talus makes for a tight fit in the mortise resulting in stability during dorsiflexion.
32
Why does inversion have a greater ROM and less stability than eversion?
Because the lateral malleolus extends further distally than the medial malleolus limiting eversions ROM.
33
What is the function of the lateral ligaments of the ankle joint?
To resist inversions because they cross the Subtalar joint.
34
What are the 3 lateral ligaments of the ankle?
- Anterior Talofibular - Calcaneofibular - Posterior Talofibular
35
What ligaments are injured in a common ankle spring?
The lateral ligaments of the ankle.
36
What is the name of the medial ligament of the ankle joint?
Deltoid Ligament
37
How many bands form the deltoid ligament?
4 bands
38
Where does the deltoid ligament run?
Extends from the medial malleolus to the talus, calcaneus and navicular.
39
What type of joint is the inferior tibiofibular joint?
Fibrous, Syndesmoses
40
Which ligaments of the distal tibiofibular joint support the integrity of the ankle mortise and if disrupted can cause the joint to become unstable?
Anterior and Posterior distal tibiofibular ligaments
41
The talocalcaneonavicular joint is supported by which ligament?
Spring Ligament
42
What is the true name of the spring ligament?
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
43
Weakness of the spring ligament can cause what?
Dropped medial longitudinal arch causing the foot "to grow"
44
Which ligament supports the lateral longitudinal arch from above on the dorsal aspect of the foot?
Bifurcate Ligament
45
Which plantar ligament extends from the calcaneus to the cuboid on the lateral side of the foot?
Short Plantar Ligament
46
Where does the long plantar ligament run?
extends from the tubercle of the calcaneus to the cuboid and also has slips extending too the lateral metatarsals 3,4 and 5
47
What structure supports both the lateral and medial longitudinal arches of the foot?
Plantar fascia
48
What structure extends from the calcaneal tubercle to the 5 digits of the foot?
Plantar Fascia
49
List the tarsals that the bases of each metatarsal articulates with (tarsometatarsal joints)
-Metatarsal 1 = Cuneiform 1 Metatarsal 2 = Cuneiform 2 Metatarsal 3 = Cuneiform 3 Metatarsals 4 and 5 = Cuboid
50
The metatarsophalangeal joints articulate which bones of the feet?
Heads of the metatarsals and the proximal phalanges.
51
Are the MTP joints reinforced with collateral ligaments? Do they have palmar plates?
Yes they have collateral ligaments but no palmar plates.
52
Because there are no palmer plates in the joint capsules of the MTP joints, in which direction are the toes more flexible compared to the fingers?
More flexible on the dorsal and ventral aspects.
53
What is the directional relationship of the navicular to the cuboid? a) lateral b) medial c) superior d) distal e) proximal
a) lateral

Human Anatomy (kin) (14 decks)

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