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HEAD + NECK ANATOMY > Osteology (3) > Flashcards

Osteology (3) Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two bridging bones of the cranium?

A

sphenoid & ethmoid

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2
Q

which bone is the largest contribution to the floor of the cranium?

A

sphenoid

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3
Q

what do bridging bones unite?

A

neurocranium and viscerocranium

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4
Q

Sphenoid (internal features 4)

A
  • A clinoid process: part of lesser wing - attachment site for diaphragma sellae - P clinoid process: attachment site for diaphragma sellae - sella turcica “Turkish saddle/hypophyseal fossa”: overlies sphenoid sinus and houses the pituitary gland (meningeal covering) - sphenoid sinus: air-filled space within the body
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5
Q

Medial & Lateral Pterygoid Processes

A
  • attachment site for mastication muscles
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6
Q

the superior orbital fissure transmits (5)

A
  1. oculomotor n. CIII 2. trochlear n. IV 4. abducens n. VI 5. opthalmic n. CV1 6. superior opthalmic v.
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7
Q

foramina of sphenoid bone: the superior orbital fissure - location and what does it transmit? (5)

A

located between greater and lesser wing

  • transmits nerves and one vein transmits
    1. oculomotor n. CIII
    2. trochlear n. IV
    3. abducens n. VI
    4. ophthalmic n. CV1
    5. superior ophthalmic v.
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8
Q

foramina of sphenoid bone (6)

A
  • superior orbital fissure - inferior orbital fissure - foramen rotundum - foramen ovale - foramen spinosum - foramen lacerum
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9
Q

foramina of sphenoid bone: the inferior orbital fissure- location and what does it transmit? (2)

A

located between greater wing of the sphenoid and orbital plate of maxilla transmits: 1. zygomatic and infraorbital nn. (branches of CN V2) 2. inferior ophthalmic v.

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10
Q

foramina of sphenoid bone: foramen rotundum - location and transmits (1)

A

most medial foramen on either side of the sphenoid transmits the maxillary n. (CN V2)

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11
Q

foramina of sphenoid bone: foramen ovale - shape and transmits (1)

A

ovoid in shape transmits the mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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12
Q

foramina of sphenoid bone: foramen ovale - shape and transmits (1)

A

ovoid in shape transmits the mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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13
Q

foramina of sphenoid bone: foramen spinosum - entrance

A

entrance for medial meningeal artery into the skull

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14
Q

foramina of sphenoid bone: foramen lacerum - covered by, formed by, transmits what (1)?

A
  • partially covered by cartiage - formed between the sphenoid, temporal, and occipital bone - transmits the nerves to the pterygoid canal
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15
Q

what artery courses along the cranial bones in the location of the pterion?

A

middle meningeal artery

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16
Q

trauma in the pterion can fracture the cranium and result in what?

A

epidural hematoma

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17
Q

sphenoid articulations (14)

A

frontal occipital ethmoid vomer parietal (2) temporal (2) palatine (2) zygomatic (2) maxillae (2)

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18
Q

ethmoid - forms (3)

A
  1. anteromedial floor of the cranium
  2. roof of nasal cavity & makes up part of the nasal septum
  3. part of the medial orbital wall
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19
Q

ethmoidal air cells:

A

a network of air pockets w/i the bone that makes up the ethmoid sinus

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20
Q

ehtmoid - anterior view (3)

A
  • orbital plate - perpendicular plate: forms part of the nasal spetum and makes up the medial wall of the nasal cavity - superior and middle conchae: lie in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
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21
Q

ethmoid - superior and medial view (3)

A
  • crista galli: located in anterior cranial fossa – anchor for falxi cerebri - cribiform plate: barrier between the nasal cavity and anterior cranial fossa – contains small foramina for the passage of the olfactory bulb into the nasal cavity - perpendicular plate: makes up 1/3 of nasal septum that forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity
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22
Q

what does the lateral wall of the ethmoid bone contain? (2)

A
  1. superior nasal concha 2. middle nasal concha
23
Q

ethmoid articualtions (13)

A
  • nasal (2) - maxillae (2) - lacrimal (2) - palatine (2) - inferior nasal conchae (2) - vomer - frontal - sphenoid
24
Q

inferior nasal conchae

A
  • hollow bone that lies in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity - independent bone that arises from the maxilla - purpose: warm and humidy air - covered w/ mucus membrane that producesmucus in certain situations
25
Q

inferior nasal conchae articulations ( 4)

A
  • maxilla - palatine - lacrimal - ethmoid
26
Q

Vomer - shape, forms, and articulates (4)

A
  • thin, flat and unpaired midline facial bone - almost trapezoidal shape - forms posterior part of the nasal septum and separates posterior nasal cavity into right and left halves articualtions: - palatine - maxilla - ehtmoid - sphenoid
27
Q

palatine

A
  • paired - located in p. nasal cavity between maxilla and pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone - L shaped bone that form the hard palate of the bone - consists of a vertical and horizontal process
28
Q

horizontal processes

A

join the midline w/ a suture to form the roof of the mouth and articulates with the maxillary bones

29
Q

where do verticsl processes extend?

A

they extend superiorly into the orbit to form a small part of the orbit floor

30
Q

what does the maxilla form?

A

the upper jaw

31
Q

where do the two maxillae fuse?

A

intermaxillary suture

32
Q

from the anterior view what features of maxilla are visible (3)

A
  • frontal process: upward projection of maxila between lacrimal and nasal bone - orbital plate: anterior part of maxilla that contributes to the floor of the orbit - infra orbital foramen: exit for infraorbital n. and a.
33
Q

maxillary sinus

A
  • hollow space w/i maxillary bone - loacted above superior teeth and below the cheeckbone - largest of paranasal sinuses - located immediately inferior to the orbit
34
Q

orbital surface of maxilla is seperated by, contains, and is the weakest where?

A
  • separated from the sphenoid bone by the inferior orbital fissure - contains the infraorbital groove/sulcus that becomes the infraorbital canal and terminates on the facial surface as the infraorbital foramen - weakest along the infraorbital canal
35
Q

maxilla articulations

A
  • opposite maxilla - lateral wall of nasal cavity - ethmoid
36
Q

nasal articualtions (4)

A

frontal maxillae ethmoid opposite nasal

37
Q

lacrimal (p or up, size, location, makes up what?)

A

paired smallest bone of the skull located between frontal process of maxilla and orbital plate of ethmoid makes up part of the medail orbital wall

38
Q

posteror lacrimal crest

A

bony projection of the lacrimal bone that creates posterior boundary of the lacrimal fossa

39
Q

lacrimal fossa

A

depression formed by lacrimal grooves of the lacrimal and maxillary bones that houses the lacrimal sac

40
Q

lacrimal articualtions (3)

A

maxilla ethmoid frontal

41
Q

the zygomatic bone is also called the?

A

malar bone

42
Q

the zygomatic contributes to what?

A

the lateral wall and floor of the orbit

43
Q

zygomatic foramina (2)

A
  1. zygomaticofacial foramen: transmits zygomaticofacial n. (branch of zygomatic n. of V2) 2. zygomaticotemporal foramen: transmits the zygomaticotemporal n. (branch of zygomatic n. of V2)
44
Q

zygomatic articulations (4)

A

temporal maxillary sphenoid frontal

45
Q

mandible

A

single facial bone that forms lower jaw only freely movable bone and does not articulate w/ adjacent bones via suture

46
Q

where does the mandible articulate?

A

temporomandibular joint(TMJ) only articulates w/ temporal bone

47
Q

mandible external features (3)

A
  1. condylar process: bopny extrusion that forms lower bony compartment of the TMJ 2. mental foramen: opening that transmits the mental n. (branch of V3) – brings sensory to face 3. mental protruberance (eminence): landmark where two halves of mandible fused during development
48
Q
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49
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50
Q
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51
Q
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52
Q
A
53
Q
A
54
Q

superior and middle conchae of ethmoid bone are

A

narrow curled bones that warm and humidify air & protrude into the breathing passage

HEAD + NECK ANATOMY (8 decks)

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