Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HEAD + NECK ANATOMY > Osteology (1) > Flashcards

Osteology (1) Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical Position

A
  • standing erect - facing observer - upper extremities at side - palms anterior - thumbs lateral - feet flat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Reclining position

A

Prone: laying face down Supine: laying face up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Regional Name

A

Cranial: skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anatomic Planes (3)

A
  • Sagittal / Median - Axial / Transverse / Horizontal - Coronal / Frontal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sagittal

A
  • median - divides L/R - mid-Sagittal: equal L/R
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Transverse

A
  • axial / horizontal - divides superior/ inferior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Coronal

A
  • frontal - divides anterior/ posterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Directional Terms - superior vs. inferior - anterior vs. posterior - superficial vs. deep - medial vs. lateral

A
  • cranial vs. caudal - ventral vs. dorsal - towards the body vs. away from the body - towards body midline vs. away from body midline
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fetal skull starts to develop at (week ?)

A

-week 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Molding

A

Overlapping of adjacent bones of fetal skull during passage through the birth canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fontanelle

A

“soft spot” that allows for molding to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of tissue constitutes fontanelles and what does it allow for?

A

-connective tissue -molding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do fontanelle overlie?

A

Venous and CSF draining routes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many fontanelles are there?

A

6 — 4 paired, 2 unpaired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Unpaired fontanelles

A
  • frontal / anterior: unpaired, diamond shape, located in coronal suture - occipital / posterior: unpaired, located in lambdoidal suture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Paired fontanelles

A
  • sphenoidal / anterolateral: paired, located on either side of the skull - mastoid: posterolateral: paired, located between the temporal, parietal, and occipital bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does a sunken fontanelle indicate?

A
  • dehydration, failure to thrive, poor venous blood volume or low intracranial pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does a raised fontanelle indicate?

A

Increased intracranial pressure due to poor drainage of venous blood or cerebral edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Process

A

A projection or outgrowth of a tissue from a larger area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Protuberance

A

A rounded elevation on the surface of the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Condyle

A

Projection of bone located at articulation points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fossa

A

Shallow depression on surface of the bone *may receive articulation from another bone to form a joint (mandibular fossa)

23
Q

Groove (sulcus)

A

Shallow indentation that transmits blood vessels and nerves

24
Q

Aperture

A

Large opening in the skull

25
Q

Foramen

A

Circular or oval-shaped opening in skull bones

26
Q

Fissure

A

Narrow, cleft like opening between adjacent parts of the bone or bones that form a passageway for neurovascular structures

27
Q

Anterior Skull Landmarks (4)

A
  • superciliary arches : prominent aspect of frontal bone, underlie eyebrows - glabella: smooth, slightly depressed area between superciliary arches. **point of fusion of frontal suture (present in infant skull)** - nasion: intersection between frontal and nasal bone (bridge of nose) - mental protuberance: triangular bony elevation formed by two halves of mandible (prominence of chin)
28
Q

Lateral Skull Landmarks (7)

A
  • temporal fossa: shallow depression, contains pterion - infratemporal fossa: irreg. space inferior and deep to zygomatic arch and ramus of mandible, located posterior to maxilla, contains important neurovascular structure - external acoustic meatus: external opening into auditory canal - mastoid process of temporal bone: site of muscle attachment - styloid process of temporal bone: site of muscle attachment - zygomatic arch: (cheek bone) formed by zygomatic process of temporal bone and temporal process of zygomatic bone - pterion: H shaped formation of sutures that unite frontal, sphenoid, temporal and parietal
29
Q

What happens if there is trauma to the pterion?

A
  • vulnerable to fracture from blunt force trauma - overlies middle meningeal artery on internal surface —— can lead to epidural hematoma
30
Q

Posterior Skull Landmarks (1)

A
  • external occipital protruberance: prominence of bone at center of occiptal lobe; overlies the confluence of sinuses
31
Q

Internal Cranial Fossae (3)

A
  • anterior cranial fossa - middle cranial fossa - posterior cranial fossa
32
Q

Anterior Cranial Fossa (formed by)

A
  • shallow and most elevated - formed by: ~ frontal bone ~ ethmoid bone ~ body of sphenoid ~ lesser wing of sphenoid
33
Q

Anterior Cranial Fossa (bony features - 3)

A
  • frontal crest: median bony extensions that contains foramen cecum ( “see some” - 3rd eye) ~ not all skulls but some transmits veins -crista galli: thick ridge of bone that projects superiorly and serves to anchor falx cerebri ~ tent & galli = rooster - cribriform plate: perforated by many foramina to allow passage of olfactory nerve into nasal cavity
34
Q

Middle Cranial Fossa (formed by:)

A
  • seperated from ACF by sphenioid crest - bounded posteriorly by superior border of petrous part of temporal bone - formed by: ~ greater wing of sphenoid bone ~ body of sphenoid ~ part of temporal bone ~ part of partial bone
35
Q

Posterior Cranial Fossa (contains and formed by:)

A
  • largest and deepest - contains cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblingata - formed by: ~ occipital bone (majority) ~ part of paritetal ~ part of temporal
36
Q

cranial suture are what type of joints?

A

fibrous joints

37
Q

cranial sutures (3)

A
  • coronal: unites frontal and parietal bone - sagittal: unites the two parietal bones - lambdoid: unites the parietal and occipital
38
Q

what are pneumatized bones?

A

bones that contain air spaces in the from of air cells or large sinuses in order to decrease the weight of the bone

39
Q

T/F: volume of air spaces increases with age

A

true

40
Q

pneumatized bones (7)

A
  • frontal - ethmoid - sphenoid - maxilla (paired) - temporal (paired)
41
Q

paranasal sinuses (description and function)

A
  • air filled chambers w/i bone - extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity into pneumatized bones - increases with age - function: ~ lighten skull weight ~ provide mucus epithelium
42
Q

paranasal sinuses (4)

A
  • frontal sinus - ethmoid sinus - maxillary sinus - sphenoid sinus
43
Q

why can infections spred from nasal cavity into different sinuses?

A
  • direct connection
44
Q

what sinus is most commonly affected?

A

maxillary sinus

45
Q

how many sinuses are in close proximity to the orbits?

A

3

46
Q
A
47
Q
A
48
Q
A
  • temporal fossa
  • infratemporal fossa
49
Q
A
  • external acoustic meatus
  • mastoid process of the temporal bone
  • styloid process of temporal bone
50
Q
A
  • zygomatic arch
  • pterion
51
Q
A
52
Q
A
53
Q
A
  • frontal
  • sphenoid
  • temporal
  • ethmoid
  • maxilla
54
Q
A

HEAD + NECK ANATOMY (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions