Neuroanatomy Flashcards
divisions of the brain: cerebrum
aka forebrain
cerebral hemispheres: cerebral cortex, white matter, basal ganglia
thalamus and hypothalamus: inter brain/relay station
divisions of the brain: brainstem
aka hindbrain
midbrain: cranial nerve nuclei, cerebral peduncle, cerebral aqueduct
pons and cerebellum**: cranial nerve nuclei- pons, motor tracts, fourth ventricle
**cerebellum connected to brain stem via peduncles
medulla oblongata: cranial nerve nuclei, moto tracts, fourth ventricle
________ passes thru the brainstem
E V E R Y T H I N G
only way 2 exit or enter
what makes up grey matter?
nerve cell bodies
dendrites
axons
what makes up white matter?
myelinated axons
the right and left cerebral hemispheres are connected by this C shaped nerve fiber bundle:
corpus callosum (C shaped nerve fiber bundle)
______ is the largest collection of white matter tissues in the brain
corpus callosum
___ forms majority of the roof of the lateral ventricles
corpus callosum
6 brain structures in the limbic system:
- hippocampus
- amygdala
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- basal ganglia
- cingulate gyrus
_____ is involved in the formation of new memories
hippocampus
one site in the brain where new neurons are made from adult stem cells is the
hippocampus
the hippocampus is located in the _____ lobe
temporal
____ is the emotion center of the brain and includes emotions of ________ (4)
amygdala
- pleasure, fear, anxiety, and anger
____ strengthens emotional contents of memories
amygdala
the amygdala is located in the ______ lobe
temporal
the _______ process and adjust movement information from the cortex
basal ganglia
_______ are subcortical structures found deep within the brain
basal ganglia
basal ganglia consists of ______ pairs of nuclei that receive information from the _____ about _________ in order to ________
- 5
- cortex
- upcoming movement
- fine-tune movement
damage to basal ganglia result in ______________
hint: parkinsonism
difficulty starting, stopping, or sustaining movement (parkinsonism)
Components of the basal ganglia: (2)
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
aka striatum
The striatum (group of contiguous subcortical structures) including
Caudate nucleus - cognitive processing
Putamen - motor control
_______ is a paired structure located on the lateral aspects of the 3rd ventricle
thalamus
thalamus is located on the ______ aspects of the ________
lateral
3rd ventricle
Thalamus is mostly composed of _______
gray matter
_____ is the relay station of sensory impulses from the body to the cerebral cortex
thalamus
_____ maintains homeostasis, hormonal regulation, autonomic control, and instinctual drives and has ____
- hypothalamus
- many nuclei
hypothalamus works closely with the _______ to modulate endocrine activity
pituitary gland
the 4 things hypothalamus maintains is:
homeostasis
hormonal regulation
autonomic control
instinctual drives
Pituitary gland [hypophysis (pea sized)] is attached to the _______ by the _______
- hypothalamus
- pituitary stalk aka infundibulum
pituitary gland is located immediately ______ the _______
beneath
optic chiasm
The informational channel between the brain and spinal cord is called the:
brainstem
the brainstem contains
midbrain
pons
medulla
where are most of the cranial nerve nuclei contained?
the brainstem
the _______ produces many of the brains neurotransmitters
brainstem
brainstem is the control center for 4 basic bodily functions. those functions are:
respiration
cardiac rhythm
urination and bowel movements
sexual functions
The midbrain contains the ____ (2)
- cerebral peduncle
- cerebral aqueduct
The cerebral peduncle in the midbrain:
delivers motor info from cortex to cerebellum and spinal cord
The cerebral aqueduct in the midbrain:
carries CSF from third to fourth ventricle
the ____ contains several cranial nerve nuclei and nuclei that relay signals from the forebrain in the cerebellum
Pons
Pons contains nuclei that deal with: (4 things)
sleep
respiration
swallowing
bladder control
The medulla oblongata contains: (3 things)
pyramidal tracts (motor commands to spinal cord)
cranial nerve nuclei
fourth ventricle
The cerebellum is responsible for: (3 things)
posture/balance
coordination of movement
skill formation
