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HEAD + NECK ANATOMY > Brain & Meninges (Part 1) > Flashcards

Brain & Meninges (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

cranial meninges

A

The outermost covering of the brain Consist of three connective tissue membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord Membranes lie between the nervous tissue and bone

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2
Q

cranial meninges: primary functions

A

Primary function is to protect the CNS Form a supporting framework for arteries, veins, and venous sinuses Enclose the subarachnoid space, which is vital for the normal function of the brain

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3
Q

cranial meninges: 3 connective tissue layers

A
  1. Dura mater: tough thick external fibrous layer 2. Arachnoid mater: thin intermediate layer 3.Pia mater: delicate internal vascularized layer
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4
Q

meninges: dura mater

A

Tough outer covering of the brain Consists of 2 layers Innervated mostly by CN 5 Very well vascularized

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5
Q

meninges: dura mater (2 layers)

A
  1. Periosteal: pressed closely against cranial bones 2. Meningeal
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6
Q

Periosteal layer

A

Firmly attached to skull Continuous with skull periosteum at foramen magnum

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7
Q

Meningeal layer

A

In close contact with arachnoid mater Continuous with spinal cord meningeal dural covering

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8
Q

Two layers of dura are closely associated in all areas except where?

A

venous sinuses and dural infoldings

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9
Q

dural infoldings (4)

A
  1. Falx cerebri 2. Tentorium cerebelli 3. Falx cerebelli 4. Diaphragma sellae
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10
Q

dural infoldings: falx cerebri

A

Largest dural infolding Lies in the longitudinal cerebral fissure Separates right and left cerebral hemispheres

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11
Q

dural infoldings: falx cerebri (attachment site and end site )

A

Attached to crista galli anteriorly, and internal occipital protuberance posteriorly Ends by becoming continuous with tentorium cerebelli

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12
Q

dural infoldings: tentorium cerebelli

A

Second largest dural infolding Separates occipital lobes from the cerebellum

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13
Q

dural infoldings: tentorium cerebelli (attachments)

A

Anterior clinoid process Petrous part of temporal bone Internal surface of occipital bone

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14
Q

dural infoldings: falx cerebelli

A

Vertical dural infolding Inferior to tentorium cerebelli Separates cerebellar hemispheres

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15
Q

dural infoldings: Diaphragma sellae

A

Smallest dural infolding Suspended between anterior and posterior clinoid processes Forms roof over hypophysial fossa

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16
Q

meninges: arachnoid mater

A

Thin, avascular membrane Filled with a “web” of collagen – shock absorber Only enters the longitudinal fissure, otherwise not present in any other sulci or fissures

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17
Q

meninges: arachnoid mater (contains)

A

Contains cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space

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18
Q

meninges: pia mater

A

Thin, delicate membrane Completely lines all fissures and sulci of the brain Highly vascularized Tightly adherent to brain surface and cranial nerve roots

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19
Q

meninges: pia mater (tear/rupturing)

A

Location of all intracerebral hemorrhages leads to intracranial hemorrhage (aka cerebrovascular accident)

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20
Q

clinical correlation: meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges

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21
Q

clinical correlation: meningitis (symptoms)

A

Severe headache Fever Photophobia Stiff neck

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22
Q

clinical correlation: meningitis (cause)

A

Can be caused by bacteria or viruses Most cases are viral and relatively benign Bacterial meningitis is extremely serious and fatal if not treated promptly

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23
Q

dura mater: vascular supply( 3 aa.)

A

Middle meningeal artery: largest supplier of blood Anterior meningeal arteries: branches from ethmoidal arteries Accessory meningeal artery: branch of maxillary artery

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24
Q

leptomeninges

A

pis & arachnoid mater

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25
Q

Arachnoid trabeculae

A

Thin strands of connective tissue Extend down and become continuous with pia mater Loosely connect the arachnoid and pia layers

26
Q

meningeal spaces: extradural/ epidural

A

Potential space between periosteal layer of dura and skull Typically due to bleeding from blunt head trauma Herniation can occur within hours if hemorrhage is not evacuated

27
Q

meningeal spaces: extradural/ epidural (classical presentation)

A

brief loss of consciousness after injury, followed by lucid period, followed by loss of consciousness, followed by death.

28
Q

meningeal spaces: subdural

A

Potential space between meningeal layer of dura and the arachnoid Caused by tearing of a bridging vein secondary to blunt trauma: bridging veins are sheared during acceleration-deceleration of the head

29
Q

meningeal spaces: subdural – T/F subdural usually located on the opposite side of trauma?

A

T

30
Q

meningeal spaces: subarachnoid

A

Real space between arachnoid and pia Contains CSF and blood vessels Lines surface of brain and the gyri, but does not enter sulci of brain like pia mater Often caused by rupture of intracranial aneurysm

31
Q

meningeal spaces: subarachnoid (classical presentation)

A

sudden onset thunderclap headache with some level of confusion

32
Q

brain divisions (4)

A
  1. Cerebrum: telencephalon 2. Cerebellum 3. Diencephalon: thalamus & hypothalamus 4. Brainstem: mesencephalon, pons, medulla oblongata
33
Q

Cerebrum lobes (4)

A
  1. frontal 2. parietal 3. temporal 4. occipital
34
Q

Cerebrum lobe: frontal

A

Personality, behavior, emotion Judgment, planning, problem solving Intelligence, concentration, self-awareness Movement (motor cortex)

35
Q

Cerebrum lobe: parietal

A

Sensory information: touch, temperature, pain Interpretation of visual and spatial information Interpretation of language and words

36
Q

Cerebrum lobe: temporal

A

Understanding language Hearing Memory

37
Q

Cerebrum lobe: occipital

A

vision

38
Q

cerebellum

A

coordinates muscle movement Controls balance Lies beneath tentorium cerebelli in the posterior cranial fossa

39
Q

brain stem

A

Involuntary reflexes Crucial basic life functions (Heart rate, Breathing, Blood pressure)

40
Q

thalamus & hypothalamus (Aka diencephalon)

A

Relay information to appropriate brain centers for processing Control pituitary hormones Control hunger, thirst, sleep, sexual response Aka diencephalon

41
Q

cerebral vascular supply

A

ICA: supports most of the cerebrum Vertebral arteries: brainstem, cerebellum, posterior cerebrum

42
Q

Internal Carotid A. (ICA)

A

Branches off the common carotid Enters skull via carotid canal Passes through cavernous sinus

43
Q

Internal Carotid A. (ICA) – gives off?

A

Ophthalmic artery Posterior communicating artery Anterior cerebral artery Middle cerebral artery

44
Q

vertebral aa.

A

Branch off the subclavian arteries Pass bilaterally through transverse foramina of C1-6 Enter cranial cavity via foramen magnum

45
Q

vertebral aa. join to form basilar a. and becomes?

A

Becomes posterior cerebral artery pair Supplies brainstem, cerebellum, and posterior cerebrum

46
Q

circle of willis

A

Anastomosis between ICA and vertebrobasilar system

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HEAD + NECK ANATOMY (8 decks)

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