osteochondroma

Question 1

what is it?

Answer 1

benign bone tumour that affects growth plates (cartilage) of long bones
most common type of benign bone tumour

Question 2

who are they most common in?

Answer 2

adolescents and young adults (10-20)

Question 3

what are some causes?

Answer 3

trauma
hereditary - MHE (autosomal dominant)

Question 4

what is the pathophysiology?

Answer 4

tumour arises from growth plate
produces bony outgrowth of external surface with a cartilaginous cap

Question 5

clinical presentation?

Answer 5

painless, hard lump
commonly over knee - distal femur/proximal tibia
may be symptoms with activity - pain from tendons, numbness from nerve compression

Question 6

what investigations are used?

Answer 6

imaging (x-ray, MRI)

Question 7

what does the x-ray show?

Answer 7

cartilage capped ossified pedicle

Question 8

how is it managed?

Answer 8

observation - small risk of malignancy, any lesion growing in size or causing pain = remove
MHE = more tumours, higher risk of malignancy