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Histology > Osteochondrogenesis/Joints > Flashcards

Osteochondrogenesis/Joints Flashcards

1
Q

bone histogenesis

A

intramembranous & endochondral bone formation

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2
Q

bone remodeling

A

bone formation & resorption

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3
Q

what is a buffer for calcium?

A

bone

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4
Q

what forms an errosion tunnel?

A

osteoclasts

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5
Q

what cells start formation of new osteons (remodeling)?

A

osteoblasts

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6
Q

where does remodeling occur?

A

inside compact bone & at bone surfaces

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7
Q

cementing substance

A

laid down by osteoblasts on eroded surface; highly mineralized & little collagen

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8
Q

intramembranous bone formation

A

process for flat bone formation ex: skull & facial bones, mandible, clavicle, pelvis; occurs in highly vascularized mesenchymal tissue

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9
Q

primary ossification centers

A

made of condensed mesenchymal cells—>osteoblasts; secretion of osteoid collagen (woven bone)

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10
Q

trabeculae

A

small spicules of developing bone; osteoblasts become entrapped in matrix with calcification and become osteoclasts

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11
Q

spongy bone

A

fusion of trabeculae; blood vessels invade & undifferentiated mesenchymal cells develop bone marrow

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12
Q

periosteum & endosteum made from?

A

mesenchymal cells that don’t undergo ossification

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13
Q

endochondral bone formation

A

process of long bone formation

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14
Q

what serves as a model for bone?

A

hyaline cartilage; two stages: primary & secondary ossification

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15
Q

primary center of ossification?

A

midriff of diaphysis of cartilaginous model

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16
Q

vascularization of perichondrium causes?

A

chondrogenic cells to transform into osteoprogenitor cells which differentiate into osteoblasts (periosteum)

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17
Q

subperiosteal bone collar formed by?

A

osteoblasts by intramembranous bone formation; secretes collagen X & vascular endothelial growth factor

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18
Q

periosteal buds

A

blood vessels, osteoprogenitor cells, & mesenchymal cells; enters primary marrow cavity, which calcifies cartilage

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19
Q

calcified cartilage-calcified bone complex

A

bone matrix made & calcified on surface of calcified cartilage

20
Q

calcified cartilage stains?

A

basophilic

21
Q

calcified bone stains?

A

acidophilic

22
Q

subperiosteal bone collar does what?

A

thickens & elongates toward epiphyses

23
Q

what resorbs the calcified cartilage-calcified bone complex?

A

osteoclasts—>enlargement primitive marrow cavity

24
Q

secondary centers of ossification

A

develop at epiphyses after diaphyseal ossification center is established

25
Q

where is cartilage found when ephiphyses are filled with bone tissue?

A

articular surfaces and epiphyseal plate

26
Q

epiphyseal plate zones

A

zone of reserve, proliferation, cell hypertrophy & maturation, calcification, & ossification

27
Q

zone of reserve

A

small, randomly arranged; inactive chondrocytes

28
Q

zone of proliferation

A

interstitial growth; region of rapid mitotic divisions —>isogenous cell groups

29
Q

zone of cell hypertrophy & maturation

A

region where chondrocytes are enlarged

30
Q

zone of calcification

A

region where remnants of cartilage matrices become calcified & chondrocytes die

31
Q

zone of ossification

A

where bone is made upon calcified cartilage followed by resorption of calcified bone-calcified cartilage complex

32
Q

what happens during bone repair of a fracture?

A

proliferation of osteoprogenitor cells from periosteum & endosteum surrounding fracture; a callus forms internally & externally at fracture; fibrous CT & hyaline cartilage are formed in fracture; endochondral bone formation replaces cartilage with woven bone; primary bone resorbed & replaced with secondary (lamellar) bone

33
Q

bony callus

A

irregularly arranged trabeculae of primary bone joins ends of fracture

34
Q

how do hairline fractures heal?

A

via intramembranous bone formation at periosteal surface

35
Q

synarthroses joints

A

immovable joints composed of CT, cartilage, or bone; ex: first rib to sternum & skull bone connections

36
Q

amphiarthroses

A

slight movement; IV disks

37
Q

diarthroses

A

synovial joints; maximum movement. ex: long bones

38
Q

synovial joints contain?

A

2 layered capsule that encloses & seals articular cavity which contains synovial fluid

39
Q

what is synovial fluid?

A

colorless viscous fluid rich in hyaluronic acid & proteins

40
Q

external (fibrous) capsular layer

A

fibrous layer of dense CT

41
Q

internal (synovial) capsular layer

A

synovial membrane

42
Q

type A cells

A

phagocytic; well developed golgi & many lysosomes

43
Q

type B cells

A

resemble fibroblasts; well developed rER; probably secretes synovial fluid

44
Q

osteopetrosis

A

hereditary disease of abnormal osteoclast function; brittle bones, lack of lamellar bones due to lack of remodeling; no marrow cavity

45
Q

albers-schoenberg disease

A

marble bone disease; deficiency in carbonic anhydrase II. osteoclasts can’t accumulate H+ in howships lacunae to activate acid requiring lysosomal enzymes

46
Q

osteoporosis

A

loss of bone mass of primary trabecular bone. normal resorption but decreased bone formation

47
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

inflammatory reaction in synovial tissue

Histology (8 decks)

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