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Histology > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

what does the circulatory system consist of?

A

heart, blood vessels, & lymphatics

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2
Q

what layers do blood vessels have?

A

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia

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3
Q

vasa vasorum

A

small branched blood vessels through adventitia & outer part of media (veins have more)

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4
Q

nervi vascularis

A

larger vessels have nerves & lymphatics in adventitia

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5
Q

tunica intima

A

endothelium, underlying subendothelial CT, internal elastic lamina in large vessels

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6
Q

tunica media

A

primarily smooth muscle cells & also external elastic lamina

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7
Q

tunica adventitia

A

fibroelastic CT (dense irregular CT with small amounts of elastic fibers)

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8
Q

elastic (conducting) arteries

A

arteries that conduct blood to muscular arteries; aorta, pulmonary, brachiocephalic, common carotid, subclavian, common iliac

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9
Q

characteristics of elastic arteries

A

incomplete internal elastic lamina, thick tunica media, thin adventitia; no distinct external elastic lamina

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10
Q

muscular (distributing) arteries

A

delivers blood to organs; innervated by postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers

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11
Q

characteristics of muscular arteries

A

well developed internal elastic lamina, thick external elastic lamina

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12
Q

arteriole

A

small artery, tunica media has 1-3 layers of smooth muscle & some elastic fibers

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13
Q

capillaries

A
  • very small arteries that drain blood into organ and into veins
  • single layer of endothelial cells
  • surrounded by pericytes, reticular/collagenous fibers
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14
Q

continuous (somatic) capillary

A
  • continuous endothelium & basal lamina (no fenestrae)
  • pinocytotic
  • location: muscle, CT, CNS, exocrine pancreas, gonads
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15
Q

in CNS, what type of tight junction do continuous capillaries have that contributes to the BBB?

A

occluding junction

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16
Q

fenestrated (visceral) capillaries

A
  • attenuated endothelium with large windows with diaphragms covering them (continuous basal lamina)
  • location: mucosa of GI tract, endocrine glands, renal, kidney, choroid plexus, & ciliary body
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17
Q

where do fenestrated endothelium have no diaphragms?

A

glomerular capillaries

18
Q

discontinuous (sinusoidal) capillaries

A
  • location: liver & hemopoietic organs such as bone marrow and spleen
  • wide gaps between cells (incomplete basal lamina)
19
Q

veins

A

vessels that return deoxygenated blood to heart (start as venules)

20
Q

layers of veins

A
  • intima: endothelial cells
  • media: 1-2 layers of smooth muscle
  • adventitia: collagen fibers
21
Q

postcapillary venules

A
  • receive blood from capillaries
  • incomplete layer of pericytes
  • vasoactive compounds such as histamine & serotonin
22
Q

muscular venules

A

no pericytes

23
Q

small/medium veins have?

A
  • intima: thin subendothelial CT
  • media: reticular/elastic fibers with smooth muscle cells
  • adventitia: well developed with smooth muscle & elastic fibers
24
Q

large veins

A
  • superior/inferior vena cava, portal trunk
  • thin intima & media
  • thick adventitia
25
Q

venous valves

A
  • small to medium size veins have valves to prevent retrograde blood flow (mostly in lower limb)
  • semilunar folds of intima
26
Q

arteriovenous anastomoses

A

connections between arterioles & venules with specialized tunica media with a sphincter

27
Q

what controls the amount of blood flowing into capillaries?

A

precapillary sphincters

28
Q

lymphatic vessels

A

plasma proteins, fluid, enzymes, lipids, antibodies, hormones etc leak from blood vessels & bathe tissues & interstitial spaces

29
Q

where is lymph recycled to?

A

back into venous circulation at the base of the neck

30
Q

what are lacteals important for?

A

important route of fat absorption in intestine

31
Q

where do lymphatic vessels originate?

A

in CT as closed end anastomosing capillaries

32
Q

what layer do lymphatic vessels do NOT have?

A

basal lamina

33
Q

what tissues have no lymphatic system?

A

CNS & bone marrow

34
Q

what prevents the back flow of lymph?

A

paired cusp valves

35
Q

where are the lymphatics in skeletal muscle located?

A

only in perimysium

36
Q

atherosclerosis

A

lipid laden macrophage formation & fatty deposits in intima that may block the vessel

37
Q

restenosis

A

smooth muscle cell proliferation that follows angioplasty procedure that may occlude vessel

38
Q

aneurysm

A

ballooning of artery/weakness in artery wall caused by atherosclerosis, syphilis, CT disorders such as ehler’s danlos & marfan’s

39
Q

varicose veins

A

tortuous, dilated veins mostly in older people caused by decrease in muscle tone and failure of venous valves

40
Q

prostacyclin

A
  • from arachidonic acid that functions in the regulatory role of endothelial cells
  • inhibits platelet adhesion & clot formation
41
Q

endothelial cells secrete what compound that causes smooth muscle in tunica media to relax?

A

nitric oxide (vasodilation)

42
Q

maternal-fetal circulation

A

maternal blood is NOT continuous with fetal blood except at placenta/umbilical cord

Histology (8 decks)

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