Osteoarthritis

Question 1

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 1

-degenerative joint disease, occurring primarily in older individuals, characterized by erosion of the articular cartilage, hypertrophy of bone at the margins (i.e., osteophytes), subchondral sclerosis, and a range of biochemical and morphologic alterations of the synovial membrane and joint capsule

Question 2

Risk factors for osteoarthritis?

Answer 2

• age
• joint location
• obesity
• genetic predisposition
• joint malalignment
• trauma
• gender

Question 3

Morphologic changes in early osetoarthritis?

Answer 3

• articular cartilage surface irregularity
• superficial clefts within the tissue
• altered proteoglycan distribution

Question 4

Morphologic changes in late osetoarthritis?

Answer 4

• deepened clefts
• increase in surface irregularities
• eventual articular cartilage ulceration,exposing the underlying bone
• Chondrocytes form clusters or clones in an attempt at self-repair
• marginal osteophytes can form

Question 5

What do martix metalloproteinase family of proteinases do?

Answer 5

-degrades proteoglycans (aggrecanases) and type II collagen (collagenases)

Question 6

Secondary Osteoarthritis

Answer 6

typically results from a suboptimal repair response of normal articular cartilage to injury

Question 7

What do chondrocytes do?

Answer 7

-sense and respond to mechanical/physicochemical stress via several regulatory pathways

Question 8

What mediators are associated with inflammation during osetoarthritis?

Answer 8

interleukin-1B

TNF

Question 9

Nitric Oxide

Answer 9

• produced by inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase

- major catabolic factor produced by chondrocytes in response to proinflammatory cytokines

Question 10

During osteoarthritis, chondrocytes do what?

Answer 10

-increase expression of inducible cyclooxygenase-2

Question 11

What happens with synovial tissues during osteoarthritis?

Answer 11

-low-grade inflammation (disease pathogenesis)

Question 12

Treatments of osteoarthritis?

Answer 12

-improve signs and symptoms

Question 13

What does osteoarthritis affect?

Answer 13

• most common form

- hands, hips, knees, spine, feet

Question 14

How do you diagnosis osteoarthritis?

Answer 14

• radiographically, clinically, symptomatically

- more sensitive measures of damage are becoming available (biomarkers, better imaging)

Question 15

How does osteoarthritis affect the patient?

Answer 15

• pain
• functional limitations
• disability

Question 16

Is osteoarthritis related to mortality?

Answer 16

Yes, higher in those with disease.

Question 17

Most common symptom in patients with osteoarthritis?

Answer 17

pain

Question 18

Manage pain in Osteoarthritis?

Answer 18

• individualized, source of pain, extent of inflammation
• weight loss, exercise
• symptomatic relief
• looking into disease modifying interventions