Osmotic balance

Question 1

Acidosis

Answer 1

lower than normal pH level

Question 2

ADH

Answer 2

antidiuretic hormone - released from the neurohypophysis

Question 3

Aldosteron

Answer 3

steroid hormone of the adrenal gland

Question 4

Alkalosis

Answer 4

higher than normal pH level

Question 5

ANP

Answer 5

atrial natriuretic peptid - secreted in the atrium of the heart

Question 6

Bilirubin

Answer 6

yellowish bile pigment produced by breakdown of heme

Question 7

Clearance

Answer 7

a functional measure of the kidney function

Question 8

Cortical nephron

Answer 8

the most frequent nephron type located in the cortex of the kidney with short Henle´s loop

Question 9

Diuresis

Answer 9

discharge of urine from the urinary bladder

Question 10

Diuretics

Answer 10

drugs that increase the amount of urine and urination

Question 11

Facultative reabsorption

Answer 11

controlled reuptake of certain elements of the primary urine

Question 12

GFR

Answer 12

(glomerual filtration rate) the amount of fluid filtrated per unit of time in the glomeruli of the kidneys

Question 13

Glomerulus

Answer 13

the functional unit of the kidneys

Question 14

Henle´s loop

Answer 14

a tubule connecting the proximal and the distal tubules in the kidneys

Question 15

Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)

Answer 15

cell-group located in the angular area of the glomerulus and the tubules in the nephrons that produces renin

Question 16

Juxtamedullary nephron

Answer 16

nephron located close to the corticomedullary border in the kidney

Question 17

Nephron

Answer 17

functional and anatomical unit of the kidneys

Question 18

Obligate reabsorption

Answer 18

the compulsory reabsorption under any circumstances of a portion of some materials

Question 19

Podocyte

Answer 19

epithelial cell type in the Bowman´s capsule

Question 20

RBF

Answer 20

(renal blood flow), the amount of blood flowing through the kidneys per unit of time

Question 21

Reabsorption

Answer 21

backward transport of some ultrafiltrated materials from the tubules to the blood vessels in the kidneys

Question 22

Renin

Answer 22

peptide hormone released by the juxtaglomerual apparatus

Question 23

RPF

Answer 23

(renal plasma flow), the amount of blood plasma flowing through the kidneys per unit of time

Question 24

Tubular maximum

Answer 24

a rate limit of transport proteins in the kidney tubules above which only a portion of the given material is reabsorbed

Question 25

Tubule (proximal, distal)

Answer 25

small tubes leading from the glomerulus to the collecting duct in the nephron

Question 26

Ultrafiltration

Answer 26

filtration in the glomeruli of the kidneys

Question 27

Urea

Answer 27

nitrogen containing compound actively eliminated by the kidneys