Metabolism

Question 1

Lipoprotein lipase

Answer 1

enzyme in the capillary wall catalyzing cleavage of fatty acids from lipids in lipoproteins

Question 2

Polyuria

Answer 2

the excretion of an abnormally large quantity of urine

Question 3

Polydipsia

Answer 3

excessive thirst and water consumption

Question 4

Ketoacidosis

Answer 4

acidosis caused by the increased production of acidic ketone bodies

Question 5

Direct calorimetry

Answer 5

measurement of heat actually produced by an organism

Question 6

Indirect calorimetry

Answer 6

estimation of the heat produced by an organism

Question 7

Incretins

Answer 7

intestinal hormones increasing insulin secretion

Question 8

Endogenous hyperglycemia

Answer 8

blood sugar level is abnormally high without carbohydrate consumption

Question 9

Exogenous hyperglycemia

Answer 9

blood sugar level increases abnormally following carbohydrate consumption

Question 10

Anabolism

Answer 10

a part of the intermediary metabolism, syntheses of materials, building up the organism´s own materials

Question 11

Catabolism

Answer 11

part of the intermediary metabolism, breaking down the absorbed compounds

Question 12

Citric-acid cycle

Answer 12

final break-down of the two-carbonic compound acetyl-group that comes from either the glycolysis or the fatty-acid metabolism

Question 13

Cori-cycle

Answer 13

a procedure in which the lactic-acid produced in the muscles under anaerobic conditions is remetabolised to sugar in the liver on the expense of the break-worn of its 1/3 amount

Question 14

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 14

disease due to the lack of ineffectiveness of the insulin hormone

Question 15

Pentose-phosphate cycle

Answer 15

an alternative route to the glycolysis in which 5 C-atoms sugars are formed

Question 16

Fatty-acid synthesis

Answer 16

enzymatic production of long-chained fatty-acids from acetyl-coenzyme-a

Question 17

Glucogenic amino-acids

Answer 17

amino-acids that can enter into the sugar-metabolic pathways

Question 18

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 18

a procedure in which the liver synthesizes de novo sugars from lactic acids and amino-acids

Question 19

Glycolysis

Answer 19

break-down procedure of 6-C sugars into acetyl group

Question 20

Hyperglycemia

Answer 20

elevated blood-sugar level

Question 21

Hypoglycemia

Answer 21

decreased blood-sugar level

Question 22

Ketogenic amino-acids

Answer 22

amino-acids with ketone-like derivatives that cannot enter into the sugar-metabolism

Question 23

NAD (and NADH)

Answer 23

co-enzyme that binds hydrogen in the glycolysis and in the citric-acid cycle and carries it to the oxidative phosphorylation

Question 24

Langerhans islets

Answer 24

hormone producing cell-groups of the pancreas

Question 25

Lipolysis

Answer 25

breaking down neutral fats into fatty-acids and glycerol

Question 26

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 26

final phase of the energy metabolism in the mitochondrion

Question 27

Respiratory

Answer 27

the carbon dioxide output divided by the oxygen uptake