Digestion

Question 1

Absorption

Answer 1

transport of the digested nutrients from the lumen of the intestine to the blood vessels across the intestinal wall

Question 2

Amylases

Answer 2

enzymes that digest carbohydrates

Question 3

Cardiac sphincter

Answer 3

ring of muscles separating the esophagus from the stomach

Question 4

CCK

Answer 4

cholecystokinin - produced in the small intestine in response to lipids and proteins

Question 5

Chief cells

Answer 5

pepsinogen producing cells in the stomach

Question 6

Digestion

Answer 6

chemical break-down of the nutritive macromolecular polymers into oligomers, dimers and finally monomers

Question 7

Endopeptidase

Answer 7

protease that cuts internal peptide bonds in a peptide chain

Question 8

Exopeptidase

Answer 8

protease that cuts amino acids from the end of the peptide chain

Question 9

Fermentation

Answer 9

anaerobic enzymatic conversion of organic compounds to simpler compounds usually by bacteria

Question 10

Gastrin

Answer 10

hormone produced in the stomach - increases HCI secretion

Question 11

GIP

Answer 11

glucose-dependent insulinotropic hormone - produced in the small intestine in response to carbohydrates

Question 12

Intrinsic factor

Answer 12

protein secreted in the stomach, needed for the absorption of B12 vitamin

Question 13

Lactose intolerance

Answer 13

lactose contained by milk and some diary products is not metabolized in the gut due to lack of the enzyme lactase

Question 14

Lipases

Answer 14

enzymes in the pancreatic juice that digest lipids (fat)

Question 15

Lipogenesis

Answer 15

synthesis of neutral fat from fatty-acids and glycerol

Question 16

Mass peristalsis

Answer 16

a fast and powerful peristaltic wave in the large intestine initiated by the sudden distension of the (usually empty) duodenum (frequently results in defecation)

Question 17

Nucleases

Answer 17

enzymes digesting nucleic-acids

Question 18

Parietal cells

Answer 18

HCI producing cells in the stomach

Question 19

Peristalsis

Answer 19

wormlike movement by which the alimentary canal or other tubular organs having both longitudinal and circular muscle fibers propel their contents

Question 20

Proteases

Answer 20

enzymes digesting proteins and polypeptides

Question 21

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 21

ring of muscles separating the stomach from the duodenum

Question 22

Reflux

Answer 22

backward flow of stomach content into the esophagus due mainly to weakness of the cardiac sphincter

Question 23

Secretin

Answer 23

produced in the small intestine in response to acid

Question 24

Villus, villi

Answer 24

small, finger-like, vascular processes found densely packed on the inner wall of the gut increasing the absorptive surface