OSH Prelim Quiz 2 Flashcards
_________ is looking
not for a place to assign _______, but for ______ in the system
Safety professional
Blame
Errors
OSH encompasses the social,
mental and physical well-being of
workers, that is, the
“___________”
whole person
OSH encompasses the ____,
_____ and _____ well-being of
workers, that is, the
“Whole person”
Social, mental, physical
____________ Described as the art and science devoted to the _______, _______, and _______ of workplace health hazards. It has been
suggested to add a fourth principle, _______.
Industrial Hygiene
Recognition.
Evaluation
Control
Anticipation
________ discusses the identification, evaluation, and control of________,_________, _______ and
_________ hazards
Industrial Hygiene
physical
chemical
biological
Ergonomic
______ is any source of potential damage,
harm, or adverse health effect on people.
Hazard
5 Workplace/Occupational Safety Hazards
- Poor Housekeeping
- Fire
- Use of Machines
- Electricity
- Materials Handling
Let us begin by saying that Hazards are Identified through: (GIVE 5)
- Walk through ________ or _________
- Review of __________
- Knowing the _______________
- Gathering of __________
- S________
- Survey, Ocular Inspection
- processes involved
- raw materials used, products and by products
- workers’ complaints
- Safety Data Sheet
Poor Housekeeping Cost (Effects)
(GIVE 6)
1.Trips, and falls
2.Fires
3.Chemical and machine accidents
4.Injuries from electrical problems
5.Collisions and falling objects
6.Health problems
________ is the foundation of a safe, healthy & pleasant workplace. It minimizes _____ and _____ costs of accidents, related injuries and illnesses.
Good House Keeping
Direct
Indirect
The ________ is a set of systematized steps of good housekeeping to_______ work areas, keeps ______ and ________, and _________ the discipline needed to perform a good job.
5S System
Organize
Rules
Standards
Maintain
The ________ engages all employees in bringing about continuous improvements and foundation of ________on the job.
5S System
Self-discipline
The __________ A visually-oriented system of________, __________, and _________ designed to facilitate greater Productivity, ________ & ______
5S System
Cleanliness
Organization
Arrangement
Quality
Safety
____________
Means clearly distinguish between items needed to be kept and what needs to be discarded
* Means removal of items not needed for current operation and activity in the workplace.
1-S: SEIRI (Sort / Suriin)
___________
Means that items needed in the workplace are arranged so that they are easy to find, easy to use and easy to return / quick retrieval and storage
2-S: SEITON (Systematize / Set In Order / Sinupin)
____________
Means _________, keeping the workplace swept, clean and organized by ingraining such habits as part of the work culture instead of making cleaning a periodic exercise
* Cleaning also means _________
* The Best Cleaning is _______
3-S – SEISO (Sweep / Shine / Simutin)
Shine
Inspection
no cleaning at all
_______________
Means creating a consistent way to carry out tasks and procedure
* Everyone does it the same (______) way.
* Make it ______! Repeat and Repeat and Repeat
* It integrates Sort, Set in order, and Shine into a unified whole
4-S: SEIKETSU - (Standardize / Siguraduhin ang kalinisan)
Documented
Habit
________________
It means how to challenge to sustain the gains of 1S to 4S activities
* KEYPOINT: ____________ – the will to do what is right regardless if monitored or not
* Having an initiative to do work and start work without being told.
* Always follow and observe company rules and regulations
* Focus Improvement to sustain 5S System
* Know What is Right, Value What is Right, Do What is Right
* __________: Employee understands, obeys, and practices the rules all the
time.
5-S: SHITSUKE – (Self Discipline / Sariling Kusa)
SELF DISCIPLINE
SELF DISCIPLINE
________ is the active principle of burning, characterized by the _____ and _______ of combustion. It is a rapid oxidation process accompanied with the evolution of light and heat of varying intensities.
Fire
Heat
Light
It is virtually impossible to predict exactly when a _______ will occur and, upon its inception, the extent of its destructive potential.
* However, through scientific knowledge of ignition, the combustibility of _____, _____, and _____, and the products of combustion, are effective ways to control the dangers of fire and
explosion can be determined
Fire
Solid
Liquid
Gases
____________ is an act establishing a comprehensive Fire Code of the Philippines. This act shall be known as the Fire Code of the Philippines of ______
Republic Act # 9514
2008
The provisions of the Fire Code shall apply to all ______ and all ______ and _______ buildings, facilities or structures erected or constructed before and after its effectivity. This Code shall be administered and enforced by the _________, under the direct supervision and control of the ___________
Persons
private
public
Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)
Chief of the Bureau of Fire Protection
Common Causes of Fire (Give 7)
1. Overloaded _________
2. Open ______
3. ________
4. Hot ______
5. F________
6. C___________
7. E__________
Electrical system
flames
Smoking or cigarette butts
surfaces
Friction
Cutting & welding
Electrical spark
Normal air contains ______% _________
Some fuel materias contain Suffiecient ______ within their makeup to support _______.
21% Oxygen
oxygen
Burning
3 Components needed to ignite and sustain a fire in a Fire tetrahedron
Heat Source
Oxygen Source
Fuel Source
For reading only. sana
SOLID FIRE SOURCE
* Bulky - Dust
* Finely Divided Coal
* Wood Paper
* Cloth Plastic
* Grain Others
LIQUID FIRE SOURCE
= Gasoline
* Kerosene
* Alcohol
* Paint
* Varnish
GAS FIRE SOURCE
* Natural Gas
* Hydrogen
* Acetylene
* Carbon Monoxide
* Propane
noted
________ fires are easiest to put out. They involve _______ combustible materials such as _____ (Give 5 materials). You can use ________ to douse the fire or use a _________ on these type of fires.
– Class A
– Ordinary
– paper, wood, cloth, and some rubber and plastic materials (Solid sources lang)
– water
– foam fire extinguisher
______ fires involve flammable or combustible liquids, flammable gases, greases and similar materials, and some rubber and
plastic materials. This classification typically does not include fires involving _____ or ______. It’s very important not to use a ___________ on a these type of fires
— the _______ might spread the flaming material rather than extinguish it. Fires like this should be extinguished using ______, ________, or ______. These types of extinguishers work by cutting off a fire’s _______
Class B (More on liquid source)
cooking oils or grease
water extinguisher
stream of water
foam
carbon dioxide
powder extinguishers
oxygen supply
_____ fires might be started by old wiring in walls, frayed electrical cords, worn-out breaker boxes, or faulty appliances.
_______ are very common in both homes and industrial settings. The first thing you should try to do if these fires starts is to ______ the appliance or item from its ________ only if it is safe to do so.
If possible, you should try to extinguish the flames using a _______ or _________. If and when the power source is disconnected, the fire can become a different class of fire, typically ______.
Do not try to put out an these fires with a ______ or _________, as both of those materials can conduct ________ and potentially make the situation more dangerous.
Class C (Electrical Source)
Electrical fires
disconnect
power source
carbon dioxide
dry powder fire extinguisher
Class A
water
Foam extinguisher
electricity
______fires involve combustible metals such as _________ (Give 6 metals, knowing maam ngo na malala mag enumerate)
These are rare but can happen when a metal ignites. It takes _____(High or low) levels of heat to ignite most metals, which makes these fires pretty rare outside of laboratories and industrial settings.
It is advised extinguishing these types of fires with a __________ only. These work on metal fires by separating the ______ from ______ or removing the heat element of the blaze, but foam or water extinguishers can potentially increase the intensity of the flames and cause dangerous
explosions, according to _______.
– Class D
– Magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, lithium, and potassium. (MTZ_SLP)
– high
– dry powder extinguisher
– Fuel
– Oxygen
– Imperial Systems
_______ involve cooking oils such as _______ and _______. Because of the ________ of
cooking oils and fats, Class K fires often start when a pan is left unattended for too long on a stove.
If possible, you’ll want to turn off the heat on your cooking appliance and remove the fire from the heat source as soon as possible. Just as you shouldn’t use _____ to try and extinguish a Class B fire, dousing a cooking oil fire with liquid is likely to create a dangerous splatter effect
and spread the flames. Instead, you should extinguish a Class K fire with a ________. If a fire can’t be put out, leave the area as quickly as possible and alert everyone nearby. Contact emergency services as soon as you can safely do so.
Class K
vegetable oil or animal fats
high flash point
Water
wet chemical extinguisher
Know how to Use a Fire Extinguisher
3 steps
Install signs and floor plan location for fire extinguisher
Use the right ext. for the job
Know how to use Ext.
PASS. 4 steps for operating your fire extinguisher
Pull the pin
Aim at the base
Squeeze trigger
Sweep
________ is an assemblage of parts that transmit ______, _______ and ______ in a predetermined manner.
* Can be simple or compound
* These movement basically consists of______, ______ or _______, or a combination of these.
Machines
Forces
Motion
Energy
Rotart
Sliding
reciprocating action
7 Cause of Machine Related Accidents
- Machine __________.
* Poor ______
* Inadequate _______
* _______ machinery
* An individual making _______ with a moving part of a machine
* A machine ________, including _____ and _______ energy sources failure
* _________ during a forming or cutting process
- design or assembly defects
- Training
- safety gear
- Poorly-maintained
- unwanted contact
- malfunction, Mechanical, Electrical
- Workpiece movement
Effects of Machine Related Accidents
* Can result to ________
* Loss of ________
* Loss in ______
* Damaged ________
severe injuries
trained and skilled employee
productivity
equipment
3 locations WHERE MECHANICAL HAZARDS OCCURS
Point of operation
Other moving parts
Power transmission
_______ is that point where work is performed on the material, such as cutting, shaping, boring, or forming
Point of Operation
_______ describes all parts of machine which move while it is working
Moving parts
_____ describes all components of the mechanical system that transmit energy to the part of the machine performing the work
Power transmission
4 mechanical motions (Point of operation)
Punching Action
Shearing Action
Bending Action
Cutting Action
7 Machine Safety Tips to Prevent Workplace Injuries and Accidents
1.Don’t Remove _______
2.Wear _______ at all Times
3.Provide ________ to Machinery Operators
4.Train Machinery Operators to be _________
5.Follow __________
6. Stay Clear of _____________
7.Never Interfere with _________
– Machine Guards
– Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
– Adequate Training
– Aware of their Surrounding
– Maintenance Schedules
– Loading and Unloading Zones
– Moving Machinery
MANUAL HANDLING MISTAKES THAT CAUSES INJURY
Reading only
- Bending Back
* Twisting with load
* Attempting to much weight (load too heavy)
* Reaching too far
* Lifting to one side
* Off – balance shifting
* Failure to use personal PPE, such as gloves, safety
note
Hazards Associated with
Material Handling
- Physical strain or over exertion
- Falling load
- Collision
- Hits, cuts, blows
- Trapped between objects
2 Types of Materials Handling
Manual Material Handling (MMH)
Mechanical Handling
_______ is the manually moving or handling things by lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling, carrying/ transporting, holding, packaging or restraining of products. This is also the
most common cause of occupational _____, _______. and ______.
Manual Material Handling
fatigue
low back pain
lower back injuries
____________
*Pertains to more rigid, powered and non-powered mechanics mainly for handling
bulky and heavy items.
*Heavy materials which are not safe to handle manually must be handled by _________ and this includes lifting, transporting, stacking, loading and
unloading by means of _______ (give 6 machines). It avoids a high risk of musculoskeletal
disorders resulting from manual material handling
– Mechanical Handling
– mechanical means
– palletizer, chain pulley block, forklifts, conveyors or cranes
and hoists
*A technique which includes the
art of lifting, moving, and
storing materials
*It refers to any method used for
moving materials
*by people
*by people using equipment
Materials Handling
6 things to look for in Electric Portable Tools
Damaged Cord
Damaged Casing
Damaged switches and Faulty trigger locks
Ground Prong missing
Causes of Electrical
Accidents
- Contact with _______
- _____
- _______
- _________
- Inadequate ________
- Non-usage of ________
*________ environment
live conductors
Short circuiting
Arcs and sparks
Overloading
Grounding
standard
replacement
Wet
Reading only
Factors that can Cause Electrical Accidents
- Old wiring
- Electric cords that run under carpeting
- Flammable materials left near exposed
electrical wiring in the workplace - Loose connectors
- Poor wiring: substandard wiring can lead to
electrical fires and electric shock - Lack of preventive devices such as ground
fault circuit interrupters (a device that
monitors and shuts off electric current in the
event that the flow fluctuates), three-
pronged outlets, and polarized plugs
noted
Effects of electrical shock as a function of current
______mA = Threschold of Sensation
______ mA = Maxmimum Harmless Current
_______mA = Onset sustained muscular contractions; cant let go of shock
_____ mA = Onset of pain
_____mA = Vesticular fibrillation possible/ fatal
_______ mA = Onset of burns
________ mA = Respiratory paralysis / Vesticular contraciton / used to defribilate the heart
1
5
10-20
50
100-300+
300
6000 / 6A
SEVERITY OF THE SHOCK DEPENDS ON…the combination of _______ and _______
Then cite 3
voltage
resistance
Path
amount of current
duration
______ of current through the body
Path
_______ flowing through the body (amps)
Amount of Current
Shock ranges in severity from _______, but otherwise _______, to _________.
Most of the body’s resistance is in its ______. When wet, salts go
into _____ form, lowering the _______ significantly
painful
harmless
heart-stopping lethality
dry skin
ion
resistance
______ IS THE MOST SERIOUS ELECTRICAL HAZARD
You become a _______
Shock
Conductor
______ refers to any safety precautions taken against
electricity.
Electrical safety
_____ is a form of energy resulting from the existence of
charged particles. It is the flow of moving ______. When
the things flow it is called an _______.
Electricity
electrons
electrical current
________ occurs when an extremity such as a finger, hand, or arm is placed across an electric current. The body is a ________ of
electricity because it is made up of mostly water.
A _________ leaves a slight tingling sensation. _________ causes the muscles to contract, and it may be difficult to pull away from the electric current. _________ causes respiratory or heart failure.
Electrical Shock
Good conductor
mild electric shock
Moderate electric shock
Severe electric shock
_______ occurs when severe electric shock causes tissue to
burn. It can be ___ or ______. ________ occur when the electric current takes a path through bone and burns deep tissue
Electrical burns
external or internal
Internal burns
__________ occur when electric current ignites flammable materials. It is are extremely dangerous because putting them out with water may expose a person to a higher risk of electric shock.
Electrical Fires
___________
Any agent or activity posing a potential hazard to health
* Any organism, chemical, condition, or circumstance that may cause illness
Health Hazard
_______ is a form of vibration through solids liquids or gases. excessive and _____ sound
Noise
Unwanted
workers exposed to sounds greater than _______ is harmful, weighted over an eight -hour shift
85 Decibels
_______ measured in herts cycle per second
Frequency
________ measured in decibels
Loudness or intensity
_________ is the lenght of noise exposure. (Continous, waning)
Duration
A sound 10x powerful is ____
100x powerful is ____
1000x powerful is _____
10 dB
20 dB
30 dB
a noise in the ears, such as ringing, roaring, buzzing, hissing, or whistling
Tinnitus
Adverse health effects of noise
Traumatic damage to the middle and inner ears
*Rupture of the eardrum
*Acoustic Trauma (Explosion, gunshot) - Deafness
*Temporary Threshold shift (New Year’s fireworks)
*Tinnitus - a noise in the ears, such as ringing, roaring, buzzing,
hissing, or whistling
*Poor communication
It is a physical factor that acts on man by
transmission of mechanical energy from sources of oscillation
Vibration
Health Effects of Vibration
*Inflammation of joints and muscles (wrist, elbow, shoulder)
*Vibration white finger (VWF also known as Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome
(HAVS) or Dead Finger. It is triggered by continuous use of vibrating
hand-held machinery.
*Generalized fatigue
Sources of Vibration
Segmental vibrations:
– Chainsaw
– Portable grinder
– jackhammer
– polishers
Whole body vibration:
– tower crane
– cars
– buses
– train
Is the emission or transmission of energy as waves or moving particles
Radiation
The transwer of heat throug fluid caused by molecules motion
Convection
The transfer of heat or electrical current from one substance to another by direct contact
COnduction
visible light, infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV),
microwave (MW), radio frequency (RF)
energy from cellphones, and extremely low
frequency (ELF)
*Non-Ionizing Radiation
examples include heat or light from the sun, X rays from an X-ray tube and gamma rays from radioactive elements.
*Ionizing Radiation
____ is
the measure of the
stream of light
falling on a surface.
It is measured in
lumens or lux.
Illumination
Office lighting requires _____ lumens per sqm. That means for every ______ cubicle requires the same amount of light you would receive from a ______ incandescent light bulb
500
6’x6’ cubicle
35 watt
______ if the workplace
illumination is higher
than the recommended
Bright
if the workplace
illumination is lower
than the recommended
Dark
Illumination hazards
Visual fatigue
– double vision
– headache
– painful irritation
– production of excess tears
– Redness of eyes
_______ describes when the workplace heat
causes the body’s temperature
to go higher than _______, like in
the following exposure settings ____- (Give 4)
Heat stress
37.5°C
High temperature
High humidity
Poor ventilation
Multiple heat sources
Air ________ is a measure of how ____ or ____ the air is. It is the most commonly measured weather parameter.
temperature
hot or cold
_________ is a measure of the amount of ______ in the air.
______ measures the amount of water in the air in relation to the maximum amount of water
vapor (moisture). The higher the temperature, the _____ (more or less) water vapor the air can hold.
Humidity
water vapor
Relative humidity
more
________ also known as the apparent temperature, is what the temperature feels like to the human body when ____ is combined with the air ___
Heat index
relative humidity
temperature
______ is measured by sensing the _____ that is produced through the movement
of the air. it mpact on the rate of heat transfer between that air and adjacent surfaces.
Air velocity
Pressure
______ describes when When the workplace temperature causes the body’s temperature to go lower than ________ as in ice plants, Broadcast Industry, Semiconductor Industry, Food processing plants, Ice Cream plants, Deep
sea diving, Laboratories
Thermoregulatory mechanism to raise
temperature is by _______
Cold stress
36.5°C
CHILLING / SHIVERING.
_____ is the atmospheric force that is
constantly applied on the body.
- expressed in ________ per unit of area, ______ which may be affected by changes in altitude or artificially induced work conditions.
Pressure
force or weight
pounds per square inch or “psi”
Pressure above or below atmospheric pressure in the workers’ surroundings is
associated with health risks in certain occupations, such as _____ and _______. Conditions in the workplace may expose the worker to unusually high or
low pressures. Examples are ______ and ______.
undersea diving and
aviation
decompression sickness and high-altitude sickness
_______ are physical conditions that may
pose risk of injury to the musculoskeletal system, such
as the muscles or ligaments of the lower back,
tendons or nerves of the hands/wrists, or bones
surrounding the knees, resulting in a musculoskeletal
disorder (MSD)
ergonomic hazard
Ergonomics is the
science of fitting ____
to the people who
work in them
Job
Ergonomic hazard Lead to low ____ and ____
productivity and output
Read only
The human body can endure considerable discomfort and stress and can perform many awkward and unnatural movements for a limited period of time.
* However, when awkward conditions or motions are continued for prolonged periods, the physiological limitations of the worker can be exceeded.
* To ensure a continued high level of performance, work systems must be tailored to human capacities and limitations.
.
Ergonomic Hazards can be seen in: (Give 6)
Poor workplace design
Awkward Body bending
Repetitive movements
Static posture
Forceful motion
Manual handling
____ Is a type
of occupational
hazard caused by
exposure to
chemicals in the
workplace.
Chemical hazards
Chemicals become a hazard when they become _____ and the concentration is ______
airborne
excessive
Chemical hazard route of entry (Give 4)
Inhalation
Injection
ingestion
dermal absorption
2 Types of Chemical Hazards
Chemical hazards
Nature or Form
Read only
Long-term exposure to chemical hazards such as silica dust, engine
exhausts, tobacco smoke, and lead (among others) have been shown to
increase risk of heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure. It can
also cause irritation to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract, and
prolonged exposure can lead to a range of serious lung diseases
including silicosis, coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP), chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Construction
workers have a high risk of developing these diseases because many
common construction tasks can create high dust levels.
noted
Highly soluble gases such as _____ or _____ can cause severe nose and throat irritation, while substances of lower solubility such as ___, ___, or ____ can penetrate deep into the lungs. Corrosive gases also can corrode metals.
ammonia
Hydrogen chloride
itrogen dioxide, phosgene, or sulfur dioxide
___ is the gaseous state of a substance that is either liquid or solid before it reaches its
critical point. It may be visible and described as fog, mist, smoke or fumes
Vapor
_____ is tiny droplets of water hanging in the air. its examples are paint sprays, oil mists
from cutting or grinding operations, and acid mists. Meteorologists tend to use the term
“_____” when visibility drops below 5 km and “______” when visibility drops below 1 km
Mist
Mist
Fog
are hazards to the workplace, example of these are welding, hot rubber, soldering, galvanizing fumes.
Fumes
A summary of the important
health, safety
and toxicological information
on the chemical or the mixture
ingredients.
Safety data sheet
Guidllines for implremntation of globaly harmonized systems in chemical safety program in teh wokrplace
Department Order 136-2014
9 GHS pictograms
FCC HOH DET
Flammable
Compressed gas
Helth hazard
Oxidizing
Corrosive
harmful / irritant
toxic
explosive
dangerous for the environment
refers to biological sbstances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms, primariliy that of humans
Biological hazards
Classification of biohazards
– viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozo algae
Microorganisms
Classification of biohazards
from higher plants
allergens
Classification of biohazards
vertebrate animals (urine, feces, saliva, dander)
protein allergens
Classification of biohazards
Ticks, hookworms, pinworms
Parasites
Classification of biohazards
Crustaceans, arachnids, insects
arthropods
________ usually includes viruses and bacteria like _______ and _______ and many non-infectious bacteria. The level of precaution at this level is minimal and usually involves wearing a face mask and no close contact
Biohazard level 1
Escherichia coli
chickenpox
_______ usually involves microorganisms that are responsible for mild
infections in humans and are often difficult to contract via aerosolized particles,
like hepatitis A, B, and C, Lyme disease, Salmonella, measles, mumps, HIV, and
dengue. Laboratory personnel can carry out diagnostic tests on the specimens
but need to wear gloves, facial protection, and a gown. Additionally, standard
precautions at this level should be applied when handling clinical samples from
the current outbreak investigations of acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS) caused by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Biohazard level 2
_____ includes microorganisms that can be fatal to humans but for which _____ and other treatments are available. Aside from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, this grouping also includes anthrax, many types of viral
encephalitis, hantavirus, Rift valley fever, malaria, Rocky Mountain
spotted fever, and yellow fever
Biohazard level 3
VAccines
_______ usually includes dangerous viruses like Ebola, Marburg virus,
Lassa fever, Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, and many other hemorrhagic viruses
found in the tropics. Only specific persons can work with these viruses, and it
requires them to wear a positive pressure personnel suit, with a segregated
air supply. There is no treatment available for these viruses, and extreme
isolation precautions are mandatory. The CDC has many recommendations on
how to manage these viruses.
Biohazard level 4
describes Diseases transmitted from animals to humans are commonly
infectious and parasitic which can also result from exposure to
contaminated water, insects, or infected people. Due to ____ (give 4)
Occupational exposure
*Poor sanitation and housekeeping
*Hospital works
*Removal of industrial waste and sewage
*Poor personal cleanliness
