Orthotics Mock Exam Flashcards
- Maximum dorsiflexion occurs during which phase of gait?
a. Initial contact
b. Mid-swing
c. Terminal Stance
d. Push Off
c. Terminal Stance
- A single gait cycle is defined as the activity that occurs from:
a. Heel strike on one side to heel strike on the ipsilateral side
b. Double limb support on one side to double limb support on the contralateral side
c. Heel off on one side to heel strike on the ipsilateral side
d. Heel off on one side to heel strike on the contralateral side
a. Heel strike on one side to heel strike on the ipsilateral side
- During which phase of gait are the hip extensors most active?
a. Loading Response
b. Midstance
c. Preswing
d. Terminal Stance
a. Loading Response
- Which muscle most closely duplicates the function of the tibialis anterior?
a. Tibialis Posterior
b. Peroneus Longus
c. Extensor Hallicus Longus
d. Extensor Digitorum Longus
c. Extensor Hallicus Longus
- Which of the following is often the result of an irregular birth?
a. Gower’s sign
b. Down Syndrome
c. Erb’s Palsy
d. Spina Bifida
c. Erb’s Palsy
- Which of the following is inflammation of the outer covering of the brain and spinal cord?
a. Cerebral Palsy
b. Meningitis
c. Multiple Sclerosis
d. Pleuritis
b. Meningitis
- A patient presents to your office with bossing of the right posterior cranium and flattening on the left posterior cranium. How would you classify this?
a. Right posterior brachycephalic
b. Right posterior plagiocephaly
c. Left posterior brachycephalic
d. Left posterior plagiocephaly
c. Left posterior brachycephalic
- What is the primary target organ in rheumatoid arthritis?
a. Bone
b. Collagen
c. Ligament
d. Cartilage
d. Cartilage
- What is the lubricant filled sac which, if removed, results in increased friction?
a. Bursa
b. Synovium
c. Ganglia
d. Nucleus Pulposis
a. Bursa
- What is the superior margin of the paraspinal bars on a Taylor TLSO?
a. L1
b. Spine of the scapula
c. Inferior angle of the scapula
d. Superior angle of the scapula
b. Spine of the scapula
- Which pathology is most likely to be fit with free knee joints?
a. L2 spinal cord injury
b. Damage to the femoral nerve
c. Moderate knee flexion contracture
d. Genu varum deformity
d. Genu varum deformity
- Which type of scoliosis is most likely the result of a leg length discrepancy?
a. Neuromuscular scoliosis
b. Congenital scoliosis
c. Nonstructural scoliosis
d. Idiopathic scoliosis
c. Nonstructural scoliosis
- Which would you most expect to see in a patient with a plantarflexion contracture?
a. Late heel rise at terminal stance
b. Genu recurvatum at midstance
c. Increased knee flexion at loading response
d. Reduced knee flexion at midswing
b. Genu recurvatum at midstance
- True dorsiflexion and plantarflexion occur in what plane?
a. Sagittal
b. Coronal
c. Frontal
d. Transverse
a. Sagittal
- What orthosis would best restore upper extremity function for a patient with a spinal cord injury above the C6 nerve root?
a. Cock up splint
b. Mobile arm support
c. Wrist driven WHO
d. HO with thumb post
c. Wrist driven WHO
- What is most appropriate for a median nerve injury at the wrist?
a. WHO
b. WHO w/ C bar
c. HO
d. WHO with thumb post
d. WHO with thumb post
- The primary function of the brachioradialis is:
a. Elbow flexion, wrist extension
b. Elbow Flexion
c. Supination, wrist extension
d. Wrist radial deviation
b. Elbow Flexion
- In addition to the deltoid, the axillary nerve innervates the:
a. Teres minor
b. Teres major
c. Short head of the Triceps brachii
d. Subscapularis
a. Teres minor
- Which of the following statements is most accurate?
a. Coding should be done based on your experience as a clinician
b. It is the office administrator’s responsibility to determine accurate coding
c. Coding decisions should accurately reflect appropriately provided services
d. Correctly completed coding should generate the maximum revenue
c. Coding decisions should accurately reflect appropriately provided services
- The axis of rotation of the hip joint is located:
a. Anterior & superior to the greater trochanter
b. Posterior & superior to the greater trochanter
c. Anterior & inferior to the greater trochanter
d. Posterior & inferior to the greater trochanter
a. Anterior & superior to the greater trochanter
- Which is not considered an upper motor neuron disease or injury?
a. Multiple Sclerosis
b. Cerebral Palsy
c. Diabetic Neuropathy
d. Cerebrovascular Accident
c. Diabetic Neuropathy
- Aponeurosis is:
a. A flat broad tendon
b. A thin tendon sheath
c. A membrane dividing muscle compartments
d. A synovial joint lining
a. A flat broad tendon
- Spondylolisthesis is a condition best described as:
a. A fracture of the pars articularis
b. Anterior displacement of the L5 vertebra in relation to the sacrum
c. Anterior displacement of the sacrum in relation to the L5 vertebra
d. A subluxation of the superior facet
b. Anterior displacement of the L5 vertebra in relation to the sacrum
- A hand orthosis controls:
a. Palmar arch and thumb position
b. Radial deviation
c. First dorsal interosseus
d. Transverse arch and carpal tunnel
a. Palmar arch and thumb position
- Flaccid paralysis is most often seen in:
a. Central nervous system injuries
b. Lower motor neuron injuries
c. Upper motor neuron injuries
d. Both a and c
b. Lower motor neuron injuries
- A patient presents with excessive tibial torsion. How should this be incorporated into a conventional double upright AFO?
a. Provide a lateral t-strap
b. Externally rotate the shoe on the stirrup
c. Deflect the sidebars
d. Externally rotate the joints
c. Deflect the sidebars
- You deliver a device in the hospital to a patient who is not able to communicate. You should:
a. Provide the nurse with thorough verbal instructions
b. Provide the patient with thorough verbal instructions
c. Provide the nurse with verbal instructions and leave written instructions
d. Leave written instructions at the patient’s bedside
c. Provide the nurse with verbal instructions and leave written instructions
- You see a patient post triple ankle arthrodesis. What is the best device to provide?
a. A negative heel shoe modification
b. A rocker sole with SACH heel wedge
c. A corrective foot orthosis
d. A CROW boot
b. A rocker sole with SACH heel wedge
- Which muscle inserts on the navicular and medial cuneiform?
a. Posterior tibialis
b. Peroneus longus
c. Peroneus tertius
d. Extensor digitorum longus
a. Posterior tibialis
- The space between an axon and a dendrite is called the:
a. Myelin
b. Synovium
c. Schwann’s space
d. Synapse
d. Synapse
- The gelatinous center of a spinal disc is the:
a. Annulus fibrosis
b. Conus Medullaris
c. Articular Capsule
d. Nucleus Pulposus
d. Nucleus Pulposus
- A patient reports pain at the navicular and posterior to the medial malleolus. What is the most likely pathology?
a. Charcot foot
b. Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
c. Diabetic neuropathy
d. Plantar fasciitis
b. Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction
Which muscle serves to abduct the phalanges away from the 3rd digit?
a. Lumbricals
b. Palmar Interossei
c. Dorsal Interossei
d. Adductor pollicis
c. Dorsal Interossei
- Poliomyelitis is what type of pathology?
a. Lower motor neuron
b. Upper motor neuron
c. Progressive
d. Sensory
a. Lower motor neuron
- A patient with a complete C6 spinal cord injury powers a wrist-driven flexor hinge tenodesis orthosis by using the
A. flexor digitorum sublimis
B. extensor digitorum communis and extensor carpi radialis
C. extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
D. extensor digitorum communis and extensor carpi ulnaris
D. extensor digitorum communis and extensor carpi ulnaris
- Which ligament prevents hyperextension of the hip joint?
a. Ischiofemoral ligament
b. Inguinal ligament
c. Obturator membrane
d. Iliofemoral ligament
d. Iliofemoral ligament
- Which of the following is least likely to increase the likelihood of an infant developing a positional deformation of the cranium?
a. Infant is a twin or triplet
b. Low amniotic fluid in utero
c. Diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfect
d. Below 50% on weight chart at 4 months of age
d. Below 50% on weight chart at 4 months of age
- The position of the thoracic facets most easily allows for which movements?
a. Rotation and extension
b. Rotation and lateral flexion
c. Flexion and abduction
d. Flexion and extension
b. Rotation and lateral flexion
- Patient is in your office for a scoliosis TLSO adjustment. You note the orthosis is too small and her latest x-ray shows a Risser sign of 4. What action should you take?
a. Contact the physician for a prescription for a new orthosis
b. Discuss weaning out of the orthosis and refer patient to physician for end of treatment
c. Discuss moving to a nocturnal style of scoliosis TLSO
d. Adjust the orthosis by heating and relieving the tight areas
b. Discuss weaning out of the orthosis and refer patient to physician for end of treatment
- Blount disease is also known as:
a. Tibia vara
b. Fibular hemimelia
c. Coxa valga
d. Clubfoot
a. Tibia vara
- Which of the following is not true of Sheurmann’s kyphosis?
a. It may be treated using a Milwaukee CTLSO
b. It is a sagittal plane deformity
c. An LSO to posteriorly tilt pelvis will improve this condition
d. It is an idiopathic juvenile disorder
c. An LSO to posteriorly tilt pelvis will improve this condition
- The most appropriate orthotic treatment for a patient with a T12 compression fracture is:
a. Thoracolumbar corset
b. CTO
c. Bivalve TLSO with reduced lordosis
d. Anterior control hyperextension orthosis
d. Anterior control hyperextension orthosis
- What gait deviation would you primarily expect to see with a tibial nerve lesion?
a. Dropfoot through swing phase
b. Over pronation in weight bearing
c. Plantarflexion contracture
d. Uncontrolled tibial advancement in stance phase
d. Uncontrolled tibial advancement in stance phase
- Which is not a part of the scapula?
a. Glenoid cavity
b. Coracoid process
c. Coronoid process
d. Acromion process
c. Coronoid process
- A young child with a T12 myelomeningocele is seen in your office for a device that will help patient ambulate in the home and classroom and will allow hands free standing. What device do you evaluate him for?
a. Bilateral locked knee KAFOs with Lofstrand crutches
b. Parapodium
c. Bilateral stance control KAFOs
d. Ground reaction AFOs
b. Parapodium
- What compensatory motion would most likely be seen in an individual with quadriceps weakness?
a. Steppage gait
b. Forward trunk lean
c. Trendelenburg gait
d. Circumduction
b. Forward trunk lean
- A patient with hyperkyphosis is placed in a Milwaukee CTLSO for treatment. Where should the corrective pressures be placed?
a. Anterior throat ring, anterior thoracic pad
b. Anterior throat ring, posterior thoracic pad
c. Posterior throat ring, anterior thoracic pad
d. Posterior throat ring, posterior thoracic pad
b. Anterior throat ring, posterior thoracic pad
- Gower’s sign is best described by which of the following?
a. With a semi-flexed knee and foot resting on a firm surface move the proximal tibia anteriorly and posteriorly on the femur. A tibia that moves posteriorly is a positive sign.
b. With patient side-lying and knee supported abduct and extend the hip, a knee that does not adduct when released is a positive sign.
c. Have the patient move from a seated position on the floor to standing. The patient using his or her arms to walk up the thighs is a positive sign.
d. Have the patient supine on the bed with one leg pulled to the chest and the opposite leg extended off the table with knee flexed. A positive sign is the extended leg flexing or abducting at the hip.
c. Have the patient move from a seated position on the floor to standing. The patient using his or her arms to walk up the thighs is a positive sign.
- A patient comes into the office exhibiting lasting redness on the navicular and medial malleolus after wearing her new AFO. What adjustment is most likely to correct this problem?
a. Remake with a lateral Sabolich extension
b. Move the ankle strap so that the chafe is medial and the strap is lateral
c. Adjust the medial trimline posterior to the medial malleolus and inferior to the navicular
d. At a firm pad to increase pressure under the sustentaculum tali
d. At a firm pad to increase pressure under the sustentaculum tali
- What is the prime elbow flexor?
a. Brachialis
b. Coracobrachialis
c. Biceps Femoris
d. Brachioradialus
a. Brachialis
- Hydrocephalus often accompanies which of the following?
a. Meningitis
b. Positional plagiocephaly
c. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
d. Spina Bifida
d. Spina Bifida
- The lumbricals function to:
a. Flex the MCP joints and the PIP joints
b. Extend the MCP joints
c. Flex the MCP joints and extend the PIP joints
d. Abduct the phalanges
c. Flex the MCP joints and extend the PIP joints
- The muscle length-tension relationship describes:
a. The concept that strength of a muscle changes depending on the affected joint’s position through its arc of motion
b. The concept that a contracted muscle is inherently a strong muscle
c. The concept that the farther a force is placed from a fulcrum point, the stronger the force on the fulcrum will be
d. The concept that the strength of a muscle can be measured in direct relation to the cross sectional area of the muscle
a. The concept that strength of a muscle changes depending on the affected joint’s position through its arc of motion
- The adductors of the scapula include all but the:
a. Middle trapezius
b. Rhomboids
c. Latissimus dorsi
d. Serratus anterior
d. Serratus anterior
- Which of the following is not a prehension pattern?
a. Hook
b. Dorsal
c. Cylindrical
d. Lateral
b. Dorsal
- Which term best pertains to the palm of the hand and the sole of the foot?
a. Dorsum
b. Caudal
c. Volar
d. Varum
c. Volar
- Which of the following is not a biarticular muscle?
a. Semitendinosis
b. Biceps femoris
c. Vastus medialus
d. Rectus femoris
c. Vastus medialus
- Which of the following actions are carried out by the sartorius?
a. Hip flexion and external rotation; knee flexion
b. Hip flexion; knee extension
c. Hip abduction and external rotation; knee extension
d. Hip abduction and internal rotation; knee flexion
a. Hip flexion and external rotation; knee flexion
- Your patient is experiencing pressure at the proximal posterior of the AFO he wears to control mild genu recurvatum. What is the best choice to eliminate this pressure?
a. Lower the proximal trimline 2cm
b. Add a 0.5cm lift under the heel of the orthosis
c. Heat and flare the proximal trimline
d. Adjust the ankle joint to allow 10 degrees plantarflexion
c. Heat and flare the proximal trimline
- Which scenario is best to test to differential between a grade 3 and a grade 4 psoas major strength?
a. Patient lies supine with knee extended; examiner resists hip flexion
b. Patient lies prone with knee flexed; examiner resists hip extension
c. Patient lies supine with knee extended; examiner resists hip extension
d. Patient lies side-lying with knee flexed; examiner resists hip flexion
a. Patient lies supine with knee extended; examiner resists hip flexion