*Not Finished* Prosthetics Mock Exam Flashcards
To check prosthesis height the amputee should…
a. support his weight on his sound leg.
b. support his weight on his prosthetic leg
c. support his weight equally on both legs
d. not be wearing his prosthesis.
Answer coming soon
When walking, the normal foot should pass close to the AK prosthetic foot:
a. to facilitate shift of body weight.
b. to prevent hip flexion contractures
c. to strengthen the gluteus medius muscle.
d. to decrease pressure on the lateral socket wall.
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Rotation of the foot at heel strike may be caused by:
a. a stiff dorsiflexion bumper
b. a stiff plantar flexion bumper
c. external rotation of ankle axis
d. internal rotation of knee axis.
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If the ischial tuberosity is placed too far toward the medial side of the ischial seat it results in…
a. crowding of adductor muscles into small area, causing burning sensation.
b. too much weight being borne on the ramus of the ischium.
c. wedging of stump in the gluteus channel.
d. walking with leg internally rotated.
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The knee bolt of the prosthesis is usually found to be…
a. perpendicular to the line of progression
b. in approximately 5 degrees internal rotation
c. in approximately 5 degrees external rotation
d. in approximately 8 degrees external rotation
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When adductor longus tightness is observed during initial fitting of the AK socket you should…
a. relieve the socket laterally
b. roll and relieve medial posterior wall.
c. flare and contour anterior-medial corner
d. increase flare above ischial level
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When a knee amputee must arch his back to maintain the center of gravity of his body in the proper position while pressing back with his stump, it is an indication that the…
a. amputee has a pronounced lumbar lordosis
b. foot on prosthesis is located too far laterally
c. stump was fitted into a socket without adequate initial flexion.
d. stump was fitted into a socket with excessive abduction.
Answer coming soon
As the AK amputee places his weight on the prosthesis the femur presses toward the lateral wall. Because of this the lateral socket wall should be…
a. rounded to distribute pressure evenly
b. adducted to stabilize the femur during locomotion
c. padded to keep from injuring the stump.
d. abducted to allow the end of the femur to move freely.
Answer coming soon
The suction socket prosthesis is aligned so that involuntary alignment stability is minimized and voluntary knee control by stump action is emphasized…
a. in order that a minimum amount of enery is consumed during walking.
b. to provide valuable exercise for stump muscles.
to make it possible to use a simplified knee mechanism
d. in order that the cosmetic appearance of the limb is improved.
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If a force of 10lbs. exerted on the five foot arm of a lever, what force must be exerted on the two foot arm to balance it?
a. 25 pounds
b. 50 pounds
c. 20 pounds
d. 30 pounds
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Medial whip is caused by
a. improper placement of the toe-break
b. external rotation of ankle axis.
c. medial rotation of knee bolt
d. excessive lateral rotation of knee bolt
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In correcting an abducted socket on the adjustable leg, we should…
a. release the medial tilt screw and tighten the lateral
b. release the lateral tilt screw and tighten the medial.
c. release the lateral locking adjustment and move the shank medially
d. give the amputee a wider walking base.
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When pulling the amputee into an AK socket the most important anatomical landmark is the…
a. gluteus maximus muscle
b. hamstring muscle group
c. adductor longus tendon.
d. rectus femoris muscle
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If the ischial seat of the AK socket is made too wide, it will cause…
a. painful spasm of the gluteus maximus
b. excessive pressure on the hamstring muscles, resulting in stump edema.
c. burning sensation when the wearer is seated, because of excessive stretching of the skin.
d. excessive adductor bulge because of insufficient room in the medial posterior area of socket.
Answer coming soon
Which of the following gait faults is due to incorrect function of the prosthesis?
a. circumduction
b. pelvic rise
c. unequal arm swing
d. unequal step length
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How does an excessively stiff plantar flexion bumper in the prosthetic foot affect knee stability?
a. increases knee stability excessively
b. has no affect on knee stability
c. decreases knee stability
d. makes it necessary to move the socket forward in relation to the knee bolt.
Answer coming soon
At push-off it is common for an AK amputee with well developed hamstring muscles to force himself off the ischial seat as his stump extends. How can this trouble be avoided?
a. align the socket so the extensor muscles are elongated slightly
b. align the socket in a position of initial flexion.
c. align the socket in a position of initial extension
d. align the socket so the abductor muscles are elongated slightly.
Answer coming soon
What is the effect of excessively shimming the dorsiflexion stop to place the shank in a vertical position?
a. foot slap at heel strike
b. excessive increase in range of plantar flexion with increase in knee stability.
c. foot and ankle stability at mid-stance
d. excessive shortening in range of plantar flexion, resulting in stiffened plantar bumper action and knee instability.
Answer coming soon
If the AK amputee complains of pressure on the pubic ramus, the prosthetist should…
a. lower the ischial seat slightly.
b. Relieve the scarpa’s triangle area.
c. lower the medial wall 1/8” at a time.
d. relieve the lateral socket wall.
Answer coming soon
Pronounced impact shock at full extension of the prosthetic knee indicates a need for…
a. shorter stride.
b. external rotation of knee bolt
c. more extension dampening controls
d. less extension dampening controls
Answer coming soon
During swing phase, a tendency for the AK prosthetic shin to make a marked inward movement of the knee accompanied by an outward movement of the foot is called…
a. arcing
b. medial whip
c. shin swing
d. lateral whip
Answer coming soon
If the medial/lateral dimension of the socket is too large…
a. the ischial tuberosity protrudes of the posterior aspect of the socket
b. the ischial tuberosity falls into the socket.
c. the amputee complains of the tightness over the trochanter
d. the ischial tuberosity will move laterally on the seat
Answer coming soon
What is the result of locating the toe-break too far forward in the prosthetic foot?
a. causes foot slap at heel contact.
b. reduces moment of force around the ankle joint, causing knee instability at push-off
c. causes instability of foot and ankle at mid-stance giving amputee a feeling of insecurity.
d. gives amputee a feeling of “climbing a hill” causing excessive energy consumption and awkward gait.
Answer coming soon
When hamstring muscle tightness is observed during initial fitting of the AK socket you should…
a. relieve the lateral border of the scarpas bulge
b. relieve the socket laterally
c. roll and relieve the medial posterior wall
d. increase the AP dimension anteriorly
Answer coming soon
Amputee Jones’ weight of 200lbs. is assumed to be concentrated at his center of gravity. The effective length of the lever arm between his center of gravity and the support point on his socket is six inches. The effective length of the lever arm from the support point to the midpoint of his femur is ten inches. How many inch-pounds of force must be distributed on his femur to prevent mediolateral instability?
a. 120
b. 600
c. 1200
d. 850
Answer coming soon
To determine the control system efficiency of the upper extremity prosthesis…
a. divide the force measured at the hanger by the force at the terminal device.
b. divide the force measure at the terminal device by the force at the hanger
c. divide the amount of force necessary to displace the socket axially one half inch by the force needed to flex the elbow.
d. multiply the force measured at the hanger (9.0 lbs, for instance) times 100% to get 90% efficiency.
Answer coming soon
An axial pull test on an upper extremity prosthesis should be…
a. enough force to displace the socket one inch
b. enough force to displace the socket 1/2 inch
c. a force about 50 lbs and displace one inch.
d. a force of 50 lbs and should not displace the socket more than one inch.
Answer coming soon
In the below elbow amputee, it is desirable too…
a. retain as little pronation and supination as possible
b. retain at least 50% of the pronation and supination available.
c. always fit rigid hinges for stability regardless of rotation qualities retained.
d. none of the above
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The maximum pinch force of the two load hook is…
a. 4lbs
b. equal to the number of rubber bands on the TD
c. 7lbs
d. varies from an average 3lbs to 15lbs
Answer coming soon
When the arm is over head, the trapezius muscle…
a. positions the glenoid cavity downwards.
b. positions the glenoid cavity upward.
c. abducts the should er girdle only.
d. the trapezius muscle does not act.
Answer coming soon
The action of the deltoid muscle is too…
a. adduction of the glenohumeral joint.
b. extend the coracoid
c. flex the radioulnar joint
d. flex the gleno-humeral joint
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The latissimus dorsi and the supraspinatus are the prime movers in glenohumeral extension
a. true
b. false
c. no contest
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Glenohumeral horizontal flexion is obtained from action of the…
a. deltoid
b. rhomboid major
c. pectoralis major
d. teres minor
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Which of the muscles listed is a prime mover for elbow flexion?
a. triceps
b. brachialis
c. flexor pollicis brevis
d. subscapularis
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If a patient with 65 degree length below elbow can flex his elbow only 90 degrees, the use of a step-up hinge is indicated.
a. true
b. false
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The below elbow arm is generally suspended by..
a. an inverted “y” strap
b. a shoulder saddle
c. the prehendsion control cable
d. an inverted “y” strap and prehension control cable
Answer coming soon
The rhomboids originate on…
a. thoracic vertebrae and insert along the spine of the scapula
b. cervical vertebrae and insert along the scapula from the root of the spine to the inferior angle.
c. thoracic vertebrae and insert along the scapula from the root of the spine to the inferior angle.
d. cervical vertebrae and inserts along the inferior edge of the clavicle.
c. thoracic vertebrae and insert along the scapula from the root of the spine to the inferior angle.
The deltoid provides…
a. humeral abduction, flexion and extension.
b. humeral adduction and flexion and extension.
c. humeral abduction, internal and external rotation.
d. humeral adduction, internal and external rotation
a. humeral abduction, flexion and extension.
External rotation of humerus is accomplished with the…
a. infraspinatus and teres major
b. infraspinatus and teres minor
c. supraspinatus and teres minor
d. supraspinatus and teres major
b. infraspinatus and teres minor
Internal rotation of the humerus is produced by contraction of the…
a. subscapularis
b. teres major
c. pectoralis major
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above
d. all of the above.
The triceps muscle…
a. not only extends the elbow joint but also adducts the gleno-humeral joint.
b. only extends the elbow joint.
c. flexes and extends the shoulder joint.
d. none of the avove
Answer coming soon
The greatest disadvantage to the amputee in using any step-up hinge is…
a. the spread of the angle between socket and forearm when flexed.
b. complication in fabrication.
c. loss of flexion power in forearm.
d. added bulk in the vicinity of socket and elbow joints.
Answer coming soon
The triceps not only extends the elbow joint but also…
a. adducts the glenohumeral joint
b. abducts the glenohumeral joint
c. flexes the glenohumeral joint
d. extends the glenohumeral joint.
Answer coming soon
The biceps not only extends the elbow joint, but also flexes the glenohumeral joint.
a. true
b. false
c. no contest
Answer coming soon
In amputation surgery of the upper extremity…
a. as little length as possible is desirable for the best lever arm advantage.
b. medium length stumps are always the best.
c. all upper extremity amputees should be below the elbow as a rule.
d. as much length as possible should be retained.
Answer coming soon
The greatest disadvantage to the amputee in using any step-up hinge is…
a. the spread of the angle between socket and forearm when flexed.
b. complication in fabrication.
c. loss of flexion power in forearm
d. added bulk in the vicinity of socket and elbow joints.
Answer coming soon
Which of the following are reasonable ranges of glenohumeral motion in the average human?
a. flexion 180 degrees, extension 60 degrees, abduction 180 degrees, adduction 20 degrees
b. flexion 60 degrees, adduction 60 degrees, extension 180 degrees, abduction 180 degrees
c. flexion 20 degrees, adduction 20 degrees, extension 180 degrees, abduction 180 degrees.
d. adduction 20 degrees, extension 60 degrees, abduction 180 degrees, flexion 50 degrees.
Answer coming soon
The anterior support strap on the AE should…
a. pass over the lower 1/4 of the scapula
b. pass over the lower 1/3 of the scapula
c. pass over the delto-pectoral groove
d. pass over the latissimus dorsi-tendon inferiorly to the insertion of serratus anterior as a rule.
Answer coming soon
In the medium length BE there can be some residual pronation because the…
a. biceps brachii remains intact
b. brachialis remains intact
c. pronator teres is still largely intact
d. pronator quadratus is wholly intact and thus provides the desired action.
Answer coming soon
The cross point of the figure 8 harness on the AE should be slightly to the sound side because…
a. this keeps the harness below the 7th cervical vertebrae
b. it will allow the terminal device control cable to locate low across the scapula.
c. the cross point is located towards the amputated side.
d. all of the above
Answer coming soon
The unit illustrated in Fig. 1 enable the amputee to perform which of the following functions.
a. lock elbow in any of 11 positions.
b. supinate and pronate his prosthesis.
c. exert graded prehension on objects with his hook.
d. lock elvow in any position between full extension and 135 degrees of flexion.
Answer coming soon
What is the unit pictured in fig. 2
a. F-M wrist disconnect
b. model b flexion unit
c. “economy” wrist unit
d. step-up wrist rotation unit.
Answer coming soon
What does this unit enable the amputee to do? Fig. 2
a. actively supinate and pronate his terminal device.
b. Easily interchange terminal devices.
c. flex his wrist so he can work in close to his body.
d. compensate for difference in length of various terminal devices.
Answer coming soon
What is the name of the terminal device pictured in Fig. 3?
a. Dorrance #555
b. hosmer dual control
c. northrop-sierra two load
d. APRL voluntary closing
Answer coming soon
What are the characteristics of this device? Fig 3
a. voluntary closing, two ranges of opening.
b. voluntary opening, two prehension forces.
c. voluntary opening, selective grasp.
d. voluntary closing, graded prehension.
Answer coming soon
What type of terminal device is shown in Fig. 4?
a. voluntary opening, voluntary locking.
b. manual locking, manual closing
c. snap thumb, voluntary opening.
d. voluntary closing, automatic locking.
Answer coming soon
What type of prehension was this termianl device (fig. 4) designed to perform?
a. hook
b. lateral
c. palmar
d. spherical
Answer coming soon
What is the name of the terminal device shown in fig 5?
a. APRL
b. Dorrance #88X
c. N-S two load
d. Trautman utility
Answer coming soon
In using this terminal device the amputee exerts force to… (Fig 5)
a. open the device, then relaxes to close it.
b. unlock it, then relaxes to open it.
c. close the device, then operates the switch button to open it.
d. open the device, then exerts force to close it.
Answer coming soon
In order to flex the elbow, the AE amputee with a figure 8 harness…
a. unlocks the elbow and adducts his scapulae
b. locks the elbow and rotates his humerus.
c. unlocks the elbow and flexes the gleno-humeral joint.
d. locks the elbow and shrugs his opposite shoulder.
Answer coming soon
The amount of humeral flexion required to fully flex the elbow of an AE prosthesis should not exceed…
a. 20degrees
b. 45degrees
c. 90degrees
d. 135degrees.
Answer coming soon
If the prehension force of the terminal device is less than the force required to flex the elbow, the AE amputee, harnessed for dual control with a dorrance hook, will find what happens when he attempts to flex his elbow?
a. the elbow will lock.
b. the terminal device will lock
c. the elbow will flex.
d. the terminal device will open.
Answer coming soon
The should disarticulation prosthesis is operated primarily by what control motion?
a. humeral flexion.
b. scapular abduction.
c. shoulder depression.
d. scapular adduction.
Answer coming soon