Orthotics Foundational Concepts Flashcards
“orthosis” is derived from the Greek word “___”
ortho
what does the Greek word “ortho” mean
straight, upright, correct
what does ISO stand for
International Standards Organization
what does ISO define orthosis as
externally applied device used to modify the structural or functional characteristics of NM system
what do O’Sullivan and Schmidt define orthosis as
external appliance worn to restrict or assist motion or to transfer load from one area to another
orthoses may have ___ or ____ properties
static or dynamic
a splint is a ____ device
temporary
what type of properties does a splint have
static
does a splint have dynamic properties?
nope
what is a orthotist
trained individual who fabricates orthoses
what does CO stand for
Certified Orthotist
what does CPO stand for
Certified Orthotist Prosthetist
where on the Enablement Model do orthoses fit
Body Structures
Primary Indication for orthoses
improve function
ways to improve function by the prescription of orthoses? (5)
- Immobilize and protect weak, painful, or healing MS segments
- Relief of pain by limiting ROM or weight bearing
- Reduction of axial load
- Prevent of correct deformity
- Enhance motor control function
Three parts of the “Comfort” aspect of orthoses
- maximize contact
- snug fit
- leverage
what forces need to be considered for orthoses (4)
- tension and compression
- shear
- torsion
- ground reaction forces
if a bending force is present (compression and tension), control is maintained through a…
3 point pressure system
a 3-point pressure system involves a ___ and ____ force on one side and a ____ force on the opposite side
a 3 point pressure system involves a PROXIMAL and DISTAL force on one side and a COUNTERBALANCING force on the opposite side
if the orthotic is not snug, what may result?
friction
is the device more or less comfortable if it is longer
longer = more comfortable
short device = _____ levers
short levers
is a short device more or less comfortable than a long one
short device is less comfortable
for tension and compression forces, what type of pressure system is effective
3 point pressure system
where would the forces be for an orthotic that controls valgus at the knee
primary force: pushing medial –> lateral
secondary forces: pushing lateral –> medial (above and below primary force)
where would the forces be for an orthotic that controls knee varus
primary force: pushing lateral –> medial
secondary forces: above and below primary force, both pushing medially –> laterally
where would the forces be for an orthotic controlling plantar flexion
primary force: pushing on anterior talus (inferior and posterior)
secondary force 1: pushing superiorly on metatarsal heads
secondary force 2: pushing anteriorly on gastrocs
where would the forces be for an orthotic controlling dorsiflexion
primary force: pushing anterior and superior on calcaneus
secondary force 1: inferiorly on met-heads
secondary force 2: posteriorly on tib anterior
what type of force is a twisting force around an axis
torsion
what type of force is applied parallel to a surface
shear
the longer the orthosis, the LESSER/GREATER? the leverage
the longer the orthosis, the GREATER the leverage
as increase the length of the lever arm from the axis, what happens to the amount of force necessary to maintain the position?
the force decreases as the lever arm length increases
what is the difference between a flexible and rigid deformity
flexible - alignment of part can be corrected to a neutral or optimal position
rigid - neutral alignment is NOT possible
difference between interim and definitive expected duration of use
interim - wearing the orthosis for a short period of time
definitive - permanent
what would the forces be of an orthosis that controls knee hyperextension
primary force: pushing anteriorly on posterior knee
secondary forces: above and below primary forces, pushing posterior on anterior leg
difference between dynamic and static
dynamic - mechanically facilitates active movement
static - holds the patient in a certain position
“movement fasciliated by some part of the orthosis”
static or dynamic?
dynamic
difference between custom and stock
custom - custom fitted to patient
stock - over the counter, not custom to patient
are bars or bands vertical
bars
are bars or bands horizontal
bands
definition of rigid (bars and bands)
has both bars and bands
definition of semirigid (bars and bands)
has bars, does not have bands
has bands, does not have bars
definition of flexible (bars and bands)
no bars, no bands
three types of orthoses
rigid, semirigid, flexible
name this:
left orthosis
for the knee
controls hyperextension, varus, and valgus
has bars and bands
rigid L knee orthosis (KO) controlling hyperextension, varus, and valgus
what is the purpose of the orthosis overall?
the functional goal
what are social factors that need to be considered for the prescription of an orthosis? (2)
- cognition
2. social support
difference between a negative and positive mold
negative - shell of their limb, like a cast
positive - planter like material, a medal rod is put in
