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Prosthetics and Orthotics (Spring 2017) > Orthotics Foundational Concepts > Flashcards

Orthotics Foundational Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

“orthosis” is derived from the Greek word “___”

A

ortho

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2
Q

what does the Greek word “ortho” mean

A

straight, upright, correct

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3
Q

what does ISO stand for

A

International Standards Organization

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4
Q

what does ISO define orthosis as

A

externally applied device used to modify the structural or functional characteristics of NM system

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5
Q

what do O’Sullivan and Schmidt define orthosis as

A

external appliance worn to restrict or assist motion or to transfer load from one area to another

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6
Q

orthoses may have ___ or ____ properties

A

static or dynamic

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7
Q

a splint is a ____ device

A

temporary

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8
Q

what type of properties does a splint have

A

static

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9
Q

does a splint have dynamic properties?

A

nope

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10
Q

what is a orthotist

A

trained individual who fabricates orthoses

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11
Q

what does CO stand for

A

Certified Orthotist

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12
Q

what does CPO stand for

A

Certified Orthotist Prosthetist

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13
Q

where on the Enablement Model do orthoses fit

A

Body Structures

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14
Q

Primary Indication for orthoses

A

improve function

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15
Q

ways to improve function by the prescription of orthoses? (5)

A
  1. Immobilize and protect weak, painful, or healing MS segments
  2. Relief of pain by limiting ROM or weight bearing
  3. Reduction of axial load
  4. Prevent of correct deformity
  5. Enhance motor control function
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16
Q

Three parts of the “Comfort” aspect of orthoses

A
  1. maximize contact
  2. snug fit
  3. leverage
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17
Q

what forces need to be considered for orthoses (4)

A
  1. tension and compression
  2. shear
  3. torsion
  4. ground reaction forces
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18
Q

if a bending force is present (compression and tension), control is maintained through a…

A

3 point pressure system

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19
Q

a 3-point pressure system involves a ___ and ____ force on one side and a ____ force on the opposite side

A

a 3 point pressure system involves a PROXIMAL and DISTAL force on one side and a COUNTERBALANCING force on the opposite side

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20
Q

if the orthotic is not snug, what may result?

A

friction

21
Q

is the device more or less comfortable if it is longer

A

longer = more comfortable

22
Q

short device = _____ levers

A

short levers

23
Q

is a short device more or less comfortable than a long one

A

short device is less comfortable

24
Q

for tension and compression forces, what type of pressure system is effective

A

3 point pressure system

25
Q

where would the forces be for an orthotic that controls valgus at the knee

A

primary force: pushing medial –> lateral

secondary forces: pushing lateral –> medial (above and below primary force)

26
Q

where would the forces be for an orthotic that controls knee varus

A

primary force: pushing lateral –> medial

secondary forces: above and below primary force, both pushing medially –> laterally

27
Q

where would the forces be for an orthotic controlling plantar flexion

A

primary force: pushing on anterior talus (inferior and posterior)

secondary force 1: pushing superiorly on metatarsal heads

secondary force 2: pushing anteriorly on gastrocs

28
Q

where would the forces be for an orthotic controlling dorsiflexion

A

primary force: pushing anterior and superior on calcaneus

secondary force 1: inferiorly on met-heads

secondary force 2: posteriorly on tib anterior

29
Q

what type of force is a twisting force around an axis

A

torsion

30
Q

what type of force is applied parallel to a surface

A

shear

31
Q

the longer the orthosis, the LESSER/GREATER? the leverage

A

the longer the orthosis, the GREATER the leverage

32
Q

as increase the length of the lever arm from the axis, what happens to the amount of force necessary to maintain the position?

A

the force decreases as the lever arm length increases

33
Q

what is the difference between a flexible and rigid deformity

A

flexible - alignment of part can be corrected to a neutral or optimal position

rigid - neutral alignment is NOT possible

34
Q

difference between interim and definitive expected duration of use

A

interim - wearing the orthosis for a short period of time

definitive - permanent

35
Q

what would the forces be of an orthosis that controls knee hyperextension

A

primary force: pushing anteriorly on posterior knee

secondary forces: above and below primary forces, pushing posterior on anterior leg

36
Q

difference between dynamic and static

A

dynamic - mechanically facilitates active movement

static - holds the patient in a certain position

37
Q

“movement fasciliated by some part of the orthosis”

static or dynamic?

A

dynamic

38
Q

difference between custom and stock

A

custom - custom fitted to patient

stock - over the counter, not custom to patient

39
Q

are bars or bands vertical

A

bars

40
Q

are bars or bands horizontal

A

bands

41
Q

definition of rigid (bars and bands)

A

has both bars and bands

42
Q

definition of semirigid (bars and bands)

A

has bars, does not have bands

has bands, does not have bars

43
Q

definition of flexible (bars and bands)

A

no bars, no bands

44
Q

three types of orthoses

A

rigid, semirigid, flexible

45
Q

name this:

left orthosis

for the knee

controls hyperextension, varus, and valgus

has bars and bands

A

rigid L knee orthosis (KO) controlling hyperextension, varus, and valgus

46
Q

what is the purpose of the orthosis overall?

A

the functional goal

47
Q

what are social factors that need to be considered for the prescription of an orthosis? (2)

A
  1. cognition

2. social support

48
Q

difference between a negative and positive mold

A

negative - shell of their limb, like a cast

positive - planter like material, a medal rod is put in

Prosthetics and Orthotics (Spring 2017) (14 decks)

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