Orthoses: Considerations for the Knee and Hip Flashcards

1
Q

what factors influence the prescription of an orthosis (4)

A
  • motor function
  • goals
  • impairments
  • prognosis
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2
Q

two types of custom fabrication of an orthosis

A
  1. negative mold

2. positive mold

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3
Q

difference between negative and positive mold

A

negative - the shell of the limb

positive - when it is the shape of the limb

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4
Q

three parts of final orthotic check-out

A
  1. fit
  2. function
  3. patient education
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5
Q

regarding patient education when prescribing an orthosis, what is considered a red flag

A

redness from the orthosis lasting more than 15-20 minutes

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6
Q

True/False: the PT should watch the patient put on and take off the orthosis before they go

A

true

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7
Q

wearing schedule days 1-2

A

30 minutes, 2x/day

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8
Q

wearing schedule days 3-6

A

60 minutes, 2x/day

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9
Q

wearing schedule days 7-10

A

2 hours, 2x/day

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10
Q

wearing schedule days 10-14

A

4 hours, 2x/day

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11
Q

wearing schedule past day 14

A

all day use

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12
Q

with an orthosis, what else generally needs to be worn

A

a sock

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13
Q

when cleaning an orthosis, what should be avoided

A

submersion in water

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14
Q

should the patient place their foot into the orthosis then shoe, or straight orthosis into shoe then place their foot in

A

always foot –> orthosis –> shoe

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15
Q

three potential indications for knee orthoses

A
  1. surgery
  2. DJD
  3. recurvottum
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16
Q

what does KO stand for

A

Knee Orthosis

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17
Q

three types of KOs

A
  1. rehabilitative orthoses
  2. functional orthoses
  3. prophylactic orthoses
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18
Q

what is a prophylactic orthosis

A

an orthosis that prevents injury

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19
Q

why are there suspension considerations with KOs

A

as you move distally, the leg gets thinner, so the orthosis may slide down the leg

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20
Q

three GENERAL types of KOs

A
  1. flexible
  2. semirigid
  3. rigid
21
Q

potential motions controlled with KOs

A

hyperextension, flexion, varus, valgus, translation

22
Q

benefits of a polycentric KO

A

it changes the instantaneous axis of rotation

23
Q

two types of joint KOs

A
  1. single axis

2. polycentric

24
Q

what does KAFO stand for

A

Knee Ankle Foot Orthoses

25
Q

difference with offset knee joint

A

it is more posterior to knee

26
Q

three types of knee joint KAFO

A
  1. single axis
  2. post/offset
  3. adjustable
27
Q

what is a Pawl-lock Bale release

A

it sits posterior to the lock, when it hits the front of a chair, it unlocks the knee

28
Q

what type of knee joint is present with Pawl-Lock Bale releases

A

single axis knee joint

29
Q

overall, what does the Pawl-Lock Bale Release allow

A

knee flexion for sitting

30
Q

what does a Floor Reaction Orthosis do (KAFO)

A

positions the foot into plantar flexion

31
Q

where is the COG for the Floor Reaction Orthosis

A

anterior to knee

32
Q

the Floor Reaction Orthosis places the knee into…

A

extension

33
Q

what does the Craig-Scott KAFO place the ankle into

A

dorsiflexion

34
Q

because the Craig-Scott KAFO places the ankle into dorsiflexion, what happens to the knee

A

extension

35
Q

who generally uses the Craig-Scott KAFO

A

patients with SCIs

36
Q

what does the Craig-Scott KAFO allow people with SCIs to do

A

stand

37
Q

what else needs to be used with Craig-Scott KAFOs

A

some sort of an assistive device

38
Q

what does HKAFO stand for

A

Hip Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis

39
Q

what needs to be used with HKAFOs

A

assistive device

40
Q

indications for HKAFOs

A

significant weakness throughout the trunk and LEs

41
Q

for HKAFOs, the body needs to be stabilized in what position to allow for engagement in other activities involving UE function

A

body needs to be in upright standing posture

42
Q

three disadvantages/contraindications of HKAFOs

A
  1. high energy expenditure
  2. lack of necessary neck and UE strength and coordination
  3. hip flexion contraction greater than 30 degrees
43
Q

two types of hip joints on HKAFOs

A
  1. single axis

2. dual axis

44
Q

what motions are allowed by dual axis HKAFOs

A
  • flexion/extension

- abduction/adduction

45
Q

two general indications for hip orthoses for adults

A
  1. proximal femur fracture

2. total hip arthroplasty

46
Q

for developmental hip dysplasia, what hip orthosis may be indicated for babies

A

Pavlik Harness

47
Q

age appropriate for Pavlik harness

A

birth-6 months

48
Q

what position is the child held in with the Pavlik Harness

A

Abduction and ER

49
Q

does the Pavlik Harness control adduction?

A

no