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Prosthetics and Orthotics (Spring 2017) > Introduction to Upper Extremity Orhotics > Flashcards

Introduction to Upper Extremity Orhotics Flashcards

1
Q

the four goals of UE splinting

A
  1. protective
  2. supportive
  3. corrective/progressive
  4. functional
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2
Q

is “splint” an outdated term

A

yes

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3
Q

is “orthosis” an outdated term

A

no

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4
Q

two general types of splints

A

static and dynamic

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5
Q

Static of Dynamic:

moveable parts are incorporated into the design of the brace and may include hinges, rubber bands, outriggers, or finger slings

A

dynamic

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6
Q

Static or Dynamic:

no moveable parts and the involved part of the UE are positioned in a functional posture

A

Static

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7
Q

are static splints worn intermittently or constantly

A

intermittently

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8
Q

when are dynamic splints generally used

A

frequently used to maintain function and mobility while specific joints are supoprted

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9
Q

type of sling where there is an “X” on the back

A

Figure 8 Sling

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10
Q

what is the typical UE position in an arm sling

A

adduction

IR

slight flexion

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11
Q

3 indications for arm sligns

A
  1. humeral fracture
  2. bone repair
  3. rotator cuff injury
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12
Q

when might an arm abduction orthosis be indictated

A

for patients with chronic GH dislocation

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13
Q

what is another name for an arm abduction orthosis

A

adduction control orthosis

OR

airplane orthosis

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14
Q

what is the typical design of an arm abduction orthosis

A

support medial arm, weight borne on iliac crest or lateral trunk

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15
Q

what is the purpose of a balanced forearm orthosis (3)

A
  1. supports arm
  2. assists weak proximal mesculature (weak/low tone)
  3. dampen control for increased tone
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16
Q

what are the functional benefits of using a balanced forearm orthosis

A

improve functional independence in performing tabletop skills (eating, writing, operating keyboard)

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17
Q

how does the balanced forearm orthosis work

A

uses shoulder or scapular movement to control elbow

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18
Q

what does BFO stand for

A

Balanced Forearm Orthoses

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19
Q

who is BFO appropriate for

A

individuals with SCI, polio, brachial plexus injury, MD, Guillian Barre

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20
Q

what is the appropriate placement of an epicondylar strap

A

applied circumferentially to forearm, distal to epicondyles

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21
Q

how does the epicondylar strap work

A

provides compression over muscle/tendon, reducing muscular forces on osteotendinous junction by redirecting the line of pull

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22
Q

what are indications for an epicondylar strap

A

inflammation at junction of flexor or extensor tendons at osteotendinous attachment

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23
Q

the hand is a two part unit… the ____ and ____ side

A

radial and ulnar side

24
Q

the radial part of the hand includes…

A

the thumb, index, and middle fingers

25
Q

the ulnar part of the hand includes

A

the ring and little finger

26
Q

what part of the hand is designed for mobility and functional grasp

A

radial

27
Q

what part of the hand is designed for stability

A

ulnar

28
Q

the three types of prehension graps

A
  1. pinch
  2. lateral pinch
  3. three-jaw chuck
29
Q

what prehension is 60% of all ADL skills

A

three-jaw chuck

30
Q

what are the two types of grasp

A
  1. spherical

2. cylindrical

31
Q

throwing a ball is most like this type of grasp

A

spherical

32
Q

holding groceries is most like this type of grasp

A

cylindrical

33
Q

what is the functional position of the wrist/hand

wrist
MCP
PIP
DIP
thumb
A

wrist 30 extension

MCP 45-50 flexion

PIP 30-45 flexion

DIP slight flexion

thumb opposition and abduction

34
Q

what is the resting position of the wrist/hand

wrist
MCP
IP
thumb CMC
thumb MCP
A

wrist 20 extension

MCP 70-90 flexion

IP 30-45 extended

thumb CMC abducted

thumb MCP extended

35
Q

what is the purpose in a resting hand orthosis

A

protect, support, correct alignment

36
Q

what is the alignment in a resting hand orthosis

A

wrist and hand positioned in resting position

37
Q

three indications for resting hand orthoses

A
  1. arthritis
  2. hemiparesis
  3. polio
  4. burns
  5. contractures
38
Q

what is the position of the wrist in wrist cock-up splint

A

extension

39
Q

what is the general characteristics of the MPs in a wrist cock-up splint

A

MPs are supported bu allow some movement

40
Q

what is the general characteristics of the IP joints in a wrist cock-up splint

A

IP joints are allowed unrestricted movement

41
Q

what is the purpose of a wrist cock-up orthosis (2)

A
  1. support wrist during acute phase of healing

2. increase functional independence secondary to weakness by improving hand function

42
Q

three indications for a wrist cock-up splint

A
  1. carpal tunnel
  2. flex/extension tendonitis
  3. lat/med epiconylitis
  4. wrist strain/sprain
  5. brachial plexus injury
43
Q

what is the purpose of a tone reduction orthosis (3)

A

used to:

  • decrease flexor tone
  • increase ROM
  • prevent skin breakdown
44
Q

where is the thumb placed in a short opponens orthosis

A

thumb placed in abduction to promote function

45
Q

what is the length of the short opponens orthosis (anatomically)

A

IP joint of thumb to base of thumb

46
Q

what is cleared in the short opponens orthosis

A

the thenar crease

47
Q

what are 3 indications for short opponens orthosis

A
  1. CMC/MCP arthritis
  2. fracture
  3. subluxation
  4. dislocation of thumb
  5. ligament repair
48
Q

what is the design of a long opponens orthosis-thumb spica

A

same design as short opponens but extends across wrist to forearm

49
Q

for long opponens orthosis-thumb spica, what is the position of the wrist

A

some extension

50
Q

what are general indications for a long oppenens orthosis

A

when the pathology involves thumb and wrist

51
Q

how does a tenodesis orthosis work

A

with active wrist extension, wrist flexors are put on stretch causing finger flexion

52
Q

for tenodesis orthoses, individuals learn to use the finger flexion movement for…

A

function

53
Q

what is a way to correct a swan neck or boutonniere deformity

A

ring orthosis

54
Q

what is the purpose of a dynamic orthosis

A

used to promote motion of certain segments while protecting or limiting motion at other segments

55
Q

what are three indications for elbow or wrist mobilization orthoses

A
  1. maintain/protect range, improve ROM
  2. flexion contractures at elbow, wrist, hand
  3. scar release, trauma, burns

Prosthetics and Orthotics (Spring 2017) (14 decks)

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