Orthotic Design for the Foot and Ankle: Shoes and IMOs

Question 1

what 2 things must be considered regarding the foot/ankle complex for orthotics

Answer 1

1. function

2. structure

Question 2

three types of ankle-foot orthoses

Answer 2

1. plastic
2. metal
3. hybrid

Question 3

type of orthotic used at Howard PT to help plantar fasciitis

Answer 3

inframalleolar (IMO)

Question 4

motion occurring at the midtarsal joint during supination

Answer 4

plantarflexion

Question 5

what does AAFO stand for

Answer 5

Articulated Ankle Foot Orthosis

Question 6

motion occurring at the tarsal/metatarsal joints during supination

Answer 6

adduction, inversion

Question 7

three types of shoes

Answer 7

1. lace to toe
2. blucher
3. balmoral

Question 8

what can be considered a type of orthotic depending on features or modifications made to the design

Answer 8

shoe

Question 9

what does IMO stand for

Answer 9

inframalleolar

Question 10

what joint does dorsiflexion/plantarflexion occur at

Answer 10

talocrural

Question 11

three motions composing supination

Answer 11

1. adduction
2. inversion
3. plantarflexion

Question 12

what motions result from controlling the triplanar motions of the foot and ankle?

Answer 12

pronation/supination

Question 13

motions that occur at the subtalar joint

Answer 13

inversion and eversion

Question 14

following pronation, what is happening at the:

1. tibia (1)
2. knee (3)
3. hip (3)
4. lumbar (1)

Answer 14

1. tibia - internal rotation
2. knee - flex, IR, valgus
3. hip - IR, ADD, flex
4. lumbar - extension

Question 15

in pronation, what is the tarsal/metatarsal joint doing

Answer 15

abduction and eversion

Question 16

SAFOs (Solid Ankle Foot Orthoses) may also be called

Answer 16

fixed AFO

Question 17

primary and secondary forces controlling supination for an orthotic

Answer 17

primary force: originates lateral at lateral malleolus, directed medially

secondary force 1: orginates medial at superomedial part of orthosis, directed laterally

secondary force 2: originates medially at the first methead, projects laterally

Question 18

definition of a hybrid ankle-foot orthosis

Answer 18

plastic footplate attached to metal calf band and bars

Question 19

is the foot/ankle designed for both stability and mobility?

Answer 19

yes - both stability and mobility

Question 20

why must the structure and function of the foot/ankle complex be considered for foot orthotics

Answer 20

influence on other joints in the kinematic chain

Question 21

what does SAFO stand for

Answer 21

Solid Ankle Foot Orthosis

Question 22

primary and secondary forces controlling pronation

Answer 22

primary: originates medially at the talus and navicular, projecting laterally

secondary 1: originates laterally at the 5th met head, projecting medially

secondary 2: originating superolateral trimline of orthosis, projecting medially

Question 23

what does AFO stand for

Answer 23

ankle-foot orthosis

Question 24

what joint does inversion/eversion occur at

Answer 24

subtalar

Question 25

what does HAFO stand for

Answer 25

Hinged Ankle Foot Orthosis

Question 26

motions that occur at the talocrural joint

Answer 26

dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Question 27

benefits of hybrid AFOs (3)

Answer 27

1. better for heat 2. helps with limbs that change volume 3. increase proprioception

Question 28

4 joints at the foot/ankle

Answer 28

1. talocrural 2. subtalar 3. midtarsal 4. tarsal/metatarsal

Question 29

during supination, what is happening at: 1. tibia (1) 2. knee (2) 3. hip (3) 4. lumbar spine (1)

Answer 29

1. tibia - ER 2. knee - extension, varus 3. hip - extension, ER, ABD 4. lumbar - flexion

Question 30

what is a metal orthosis

Answer 30

has a metal calf band, m&L bars

Question 31

most sneakers are _________ type of shoe

Answer 31

balmoral

Question 32

in pronation, what is the midtarsal joint doing

Answer 32

dorsiflexion

Question 33

overall, what is the role of the midtarsal joint

Answer 33

to follow the talocrural

Question 34

the three planes that motion will occur in for the foot and ankle

Answer 34

1. coronal 2. sagittal 3. transverse

Question 35

is a metal orthosis attached to a shoe or sneaker

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

three motions that compose pronation

Answer 36

1. abduction 2. eversion 3. dorsiflexion

Question 37

benefit of lace to toe shoe

Answer 37

very easy to open wide when putting foot into shoe

Question 38

the foot and ankle: ______ motion throughout the foot and ankle complex

Answer 38

triplanar