Orthopedics Flashcards
What is osteoarthritis?
Wear/ tear in joint
Commonly contribute to pathological fracture
Degenerative joint disease/ non inflammatory
Deterioration of articular cartilage; formation of osteophytes
What is osteoporosis?
Loss of bone density
Deterioration of bone
Common fx sits vertebrae, wrist, hips, pelvis
What kind of energy Is a trauma fracture/ disease of bone or joint?
High
What is a stress fracture?
Force applied to bone
Low energy
Chronic stress
What is a pathological fracture?
Weakened bone or decreased bone density
Unable to withstand normal stress
What is osteopenia?
Reversible weakening of bone
What is heterotopic ossification?
Abnormal bone formation in extra skeletal soft tissue
Pathophysiology unclear
What is a distal radial fracture?
Impacts hand function/ possible arm
Caused by protective extension when falling
Colles fx- dorsal displacement of the distal fragment
Smiths fracture- palmar displacement of the distal fragment
What is a hip fracture?
Proximal femur (intracapsular/ extracapsular)
Knee pain; unable to weight bear
Leg length discrepancy
What is a numeral fracture?
Numeral displacement/ malposition of distal limb
Radial nerve injury
Supracondylar fractures (distal end of humerus)
- elbow fracture
- malunion
- volkmanns deformity
What is a scaphoid fracture?
Most common fractured bone in wrist
Frequent among young males (sports injury)
Avascular necrosis possible
Thumb spica cast
Displaced= ORIF + compression screw
What are symptoms of osteoarthritis?
Aches with movement
Inflammation/ joint pain
Limited ROM
crepitus
Stiffness
What are orthopedic symptoms and signs?
All the different fractures
What factors are fractures dependent on?
Type of fracture
Person age
Fracture location
Premorbid health status
Intrinsic motivation
Severity of fractures
Immediate vascular circulation + immobilization = ?
Optimal healing
What are the 5 stages of healing?
1) blood vessels sealed- hematoma formation
2) formation of fibrocartilage- inflammation
3) formation of callus- soft callus
4) ossification; bony union- hard callus
5) remodeling- consolidation
What are abnormal healing risk factors?
Infection
Open fracture
Severe soft tissue damage
Nerve damage
Poor vascularization
Phlebitis
What are ways to diagnose orthopedic issues?
X ray (fractures/ arthritis)
CT/ bone scan (scaphoid)
Bone mineral density scan (osteoporosis)
Locking sign (HO)
What are orthopedic medical/ surgical management?
Hip fracture intervention: closed reduction/ immobilization or ORIF
Hemiarthroplasty or THR
What is a distal radial fracture and a humeral fracture?
Realigned manually or surgery
ORIF- open reduction internal fixation
CRPS- complex regional pain syndrome
What are orthopedic medical/ surgical management for knee arthritis?
Medication/ anthroplasty (arthritis)
Anti-inflammatory meds/ heat and ice (arthritis of the knee)
TKR or partial
What are orthopedic impacts on occupational performance?
Dressing
- consider dressing with hip precautions
Other ADLs
Leisure pursuits
Home management
Work performance
Meal prep
Mobility/ driving
- consider entering/ exiting a car after hip replacement
