Orthopedics

Question 1

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 1

Wear/ tear in joint

Commonly contribute to pathological fracture

Degenerative joint disease/ non inflammatory

Deterioration of articular cartilage; formation of osteophytes

Question 2

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 2

Loss of bone density

Deterioration of bone

Common fx sits vertebrae, wrist, hips, pelvis

Question 3

What kind of energy Is a trauma fracture/ disease of bone or joint?

Answer 3

High

Question 4

What is a stress fracture?

Answer 4

Force applied to bone

Low energy

Chronic stress

Question 5

What is a pathological fracture?

Answer 5

Weakened bone or decreased bone density

Unable to withstand normal stress

Question 6

What is osteopenia?

Answer 6

Reversible weakening of bone

Question 7

What is heterotopic ossification?

Answer 7

Abnormal bone formation in extra skeletal soft tissue

Pathophysiology unclear

Question 8

What is a distal radial fracture?

Answer 8

Impacts hand function/ possible arm

Caused by protective extension when falling

Colles fx- dorsal displacement of the distal fragment

Smiths fracture- palmar displacement of the distal fragment

Question 9

What is a hip fracture?

Answer 9

Proximal femur (intracapsular/ extracapsular)

Knee pain; unable to weight bear

Leg length discrepancy

Question 10

What is a numeral fracture?

Answer 10

Numeral displacement/ malposition of distal limb

Radial nerve injury

Supracondylar fractures (distal end of humerus)

• elbow fracture
• malunion
• volkmanns deformity

Question 11

What is a scaphoid fracture?

Answer 11

Most common fractured bone in wrist

Frequent among young males (sports injury)

Avascular necrosis possible

Thumb spica cast

Displaced= ORIF + compression screw

Question 12

What are symptoms of osteoarthritis?

Answer 12

Aches with movement

Inflammation/ joint pain

Limited ROM

crepitus

Stiffness

Question 13

What are orthopedic symptoms and signs?

Answer 13

All the different fractures

Question 14

What factors are fractures dependent on?

Answer 14

Type of fracture

Person age

Fracture location

Premorbid health status

Intrinsic motivation

Severity of fractures

Question 15

Immediate vascular circulation + immobilization = ?

Answer 15

Optimal healing

Question 16

What are the 5 stages of healing?

Answer 16

1) blood vessels sealed- hematoma formation
2) formation of fibrocartilage- inflammation
3) formation of callus- soft callus
4) ossification; bony union- hard callus
5) remodeling- consolidation

Question 17

What are abnormal healing risk factors?

Answer 17

Infection

Open fracture

Severe soft tissue damage

Nerve damage

Poor vascularization

Phlebitis

Question 18

What are ways to diagnose orthopedic issues?

Answer 18

X ray (fractures/ arthritis)

CT/ bone scan (scaphoid)

Bone mineral density scan (osteoporosis)

Locking sign (HO)

Question 19

What are orthopedic medical/ surgical management?

Answer 19

Hip fracture intervention: closed reduction/ immobilization or ORIF

Hemiarthroplasty or THR

Question 20

What is a distal radial fracture and a humeral fracture?

Answer 20

Realigned manually or surgery

ORIF- open reduction internal fixation

CRPS- complex regional pain syndrome

Question 21

What are orthopedic medical/ surgical management for knee arthritis?

Answer 21

Medication/ anthroplasty (arthritis)

Anti-inflammatory meds/ heat and ice (arthritis of the knee)

TKR or partial

Question 22

What are orthopedic impacts on occupational performance?

Answer 22

Dressing
- consider dressing with hip precautions

Other ADLs

Leisure pursuits

Home management

Work performance

Meal prep

Mobility/ driving
- consider entering/ exiting a car after hip replacement