Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physical Conditions > CVA- Cerebrovascular Accident/ Stroke > Flashcards

CVA- Cerebrovascular Accident/ Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

What is the def of a CVA?

A

Sudden or gradual onset of neurological symptoms caused by diminished supply of blood to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or false:

Stroke is the 2nd leading cause of death and the 3rd leading cause of disability in the world and 5th leading cause of death in the US

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True or false:

Stoke kills 130,000 Americans each year, causes almost 1 out of every 20 deaths, and costs over $34 billion dollar’s annually

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are 2 major subtypes of stroke?

A

1) ischemic

2) hemorrhagic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a ischemic stroke?

A

Thrombotic- blood clot

Embolic- clot in artery up bloodstream, formed elsewhere, occurs during daytime activity

Lacunar- small infarcts occurring deep in brain structures

No oxygen in brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Rupture in blood vessel (aneurysm)

Bleeding into or around cerebral tissue (intracerebral and subarachnoid)

Bleeding into the brain

More severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Etiology/ risk factors for a ischemic stroke/ transient ischemic attack

A

Small vessel disease

Large vessel disease

Cardio embolism

Non modifiable risk factors

Modifiable risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of an ischemic stroke/ transient ischemic attack?

A

Facial droop

Arm weakness

Speech difficulty

Time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some stroke non modifiable risk factors?

A

AGE

Gender

Race/ heredity

Prior stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some stroke modifiable risk factors?

A

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

Smoking

Diabetes

High cholesterol

Physical inactivity

Obesity

Artery disease

TIAs

Atrial fibrillation/ heart disease

Some blood disorders

Alcohol intake

Stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What percent of people regain functional independence post CVA?

A

50-70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What perecent of people have some permanent disability after a CVA?

A

15-30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which type of stroke is less frequent?

A

Hemorrhagic stroke by 15%

Ischemic stroke 85%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True or false:

Depression affects 1/2 of stroke survivors

A

False: 1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or false:

Pediatric stroke is more frequent younger than 2 years of age

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many pediatric CVA cases are there?

A

1.2 - 13

100,000 children per year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What percent of pediatric cases are ischemic strokes?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What percent do pediatrics experience residual neuro deficits after a stroke?

A

50-90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are CVA signs and symptoms?

A

FAST

  • Face drooping
  • Arm weakness
  • Speech difficultly
  • Time to call 911

Trouble with balance/ coordination

Sudden confusion

Severe headaches with no known cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does BEFAST stand for?

A

B- Balance

E- Eyes (can they focus)

F- Face (drooping?)

A- Arm weakness

S- Speech difficulty

T- Time to call 911

TEST QUESTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is affected when you have right hemiplegia (L-CVA)?

A

Speech, vocabulary problems

Slow, cautious disorganized

Right visual deficits

22
Q

What is affected when you have left hemiplegia (R-CVA)?

A

Spatial perception problems

Over confident

Impulsive

Left visual field deficit

23
Q

What are signs and symptoms of LEFT sided cerebral injuries: middle cerebral artery?

A

Right loss of voluntary movement/ coordination

Impaired sensation (pain, temp, proprioception right side) - hemianesthesia

Blind spots (usually right visual field)

Aphasia

Dysarthria

Memory deficits- recent/ past

Slow, cautious personality

24
Q

What is aphasia?

A

Inability to communicate

In LEFT sided cerebral injuries: middle cerebral artery

25
Q

What is dysarthria?

A

Slurred speech because of weakness in the muscles

In LEFT sided cerebral injuries: middle cerebral artery

26
Q

What are signs and symptoms of RIGHT sided cerebral injuries: middle cerebral artery?

A

Hemiparesis- weakness on left side of body

Hemiplegia- paralysis of left side of body

Impairment of sensation

Spatial/ perceptual deficits

Unilateral inattention- neglect

Dressing apraxia

Impaired left half of visual field (left homonymous hemianospia)

Impulsivity- disorganized

Impaired learning

27
Q

What is unilateral attention-neglect?

A

Lose of awareness of the entire left side of the body and left visual field

28
Q

What is dressing apraxia?

A

Now knowing the steps of dressing

In RIGHT sided cerebral injuries: middle cerebral artery

29
Q

What are signs and symptoms of anterior cerebral artery stroke?

A

Paralysis of lower extremities (contralateral)

Loss of sensation (contralateral)- toes, foot, leg

Loss of conscious control of bowel or bladder

Balance problems

Memory impairment

Whispered speech or loss of all communication

Lack of spontaneity of emotion

30
Q

What are signs and symptoms of vertebrobasilar stroke?

A

Impaired eye coordination of the eyes

Loss of memory

Impaired temp sensation

Clumsy movements of the hands

Vertigo/ dizziness

Impaired mobility to read and/ or name objects

Dysphagia/ drooling

Paralysis of the face, limbs or tongue

31
Q

What are signs and symptoms of Wallenbergs syndrome?

A

Brain stem stroke: occlusion of a vertebral or cerebellar artery

Contralateral pain/ temp loss

Ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome

Ataxia

Dysphagia

Facial sensory loss

32
Q

What is Horner’s syndrome?

A

Drooping of the eyelid

Sinking of the eyeball

33
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

Inability to swallow food

In vertebrobasilar stroke

In Wallenbergs syndrome

34
Q

What is ataxia?

A

Impaired coordination

In Wallenbergs syndrome

35
Q

What are signs and symptoms of transient ischemic attacks (TIA)?

A

Symptoms occur rapidly and last less than 24 hrs

75% of TIAs last less than 5 mins

Fleeting blindness

Hemiparesis

Dizziness

Double vision

Staggering

36
Q

What are signs and symptoms of

Small strokes?

A

May last longer than 24 hrs

Results in only minor neurological deficits

RIND- reversible ischemic neurological deficit

PRIND- partially reversible ischemic neurological deficit

37
Q

What percent of neuroglia recovery occurs within 3 months?

A

About 90%

38
Q

What is a CT scan (computed tomography)?

A

Radiographic

Differentiates between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke

Can clarify location, mechanism and severity but does NOT detect subtle changes

Most common tool used to diagnose CVA cause by hemorrhage

39
Q

What is an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)?

A

More sensitive than CT and no radiation exposure

Better detection of ischemic areas than CT

Can distinguish between acute and chronic hemorrhage

40
Q

What is a PET scan (positron emission tomography)?

A

Not readily used to manage acute CVA

Can help access CVA progression to determine management

41
Q

What is a cerebral angioplasty?

A

Dye injection/ radiography of vascular system

42
Q

What is antiplatelet therapy?

A

Aspirin therapy

Low doses as preemptive therapy found to help prevent cardiovascular disease

43
Q

What are anticoagulants?

A

Heparin (short term)

Warfarin (long term)

44
Q

What is thrombolytics therapy (tPA)?

A

Breakdown of blood clots using medication

Used for dissolution of occluding thrombi

Used acutely for MI and CVA

Acute CVA within 3 hours of onset

45
Q

What are surgical clippings or coiling effectively used for?

A

Ruptured aneurysms or AVMs

46
Q

What can CVA impact on occupational performance?

A

Grooming

Bathing

Driving

Maintaining employment

Loss of leisure participation

Reading

Attention to task

Remembering important dates, people and time

Social engagement

Education/ play

47
Q

What sensory functions are impacted by CVAs?

A

Protective

Tactile

Proprioceptive

Visual field deficits

Perceptual deficit

48
Q

What is a shoulder subluxation?

A

Arm is just dangling

Not reversible

49
Q

What are the 3 most common aphasias?

A

Global aphasia

Broca’s aphasia

Wernickes aphasia

50
Q

What is global aphasia?

A

Speech is not fluent

Can not comprehend spoken messages

Cannot repeat words or phrases

51
Q

What is Broca’s aphasia?

A

Speech is not fluent

Can comprehend spoken messages

Cannot repeat words or phrases

52
Q

What is Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Speech is fluent

Can not comprehend spoken messages

Cannot repeat words or phrases

Physical Conditions (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions