Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Locomotor > Orthopaedic Salvage > Flashcards

Orthopaedic Salvage Flashcards

1
Q

Define arthroplasty

A
  • replacement or excsision (joint molding)

- elective orthopaedic procedure where joint is either commonly excised or replaced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define arthrodesis

A
  • joint binding
  • irreversible surgical ion of 2 or more joints
  • creation of osseus bridging that prevents joint motion and allows the joint to withstand weight bearing forces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define amputation

A
  • all-around cuting off
  • normally considereed as a fallback after other tx has proved ineffective
  • can be used first line if finance is a problem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Indications for arthroplasty? Which species?

A 
(joint replacement or excision) 
- dogs, cats, small ponies, alpacas
- hip most common
- also TMJ, radial head, shoulder, MT/MCP joint, phlangeal
> dysplasia (juvenile pain) 
> intractiable arthritis / joint pain 
> unreconstructable articular fx
> persistnet luxation 
> avascular necrosis (Carth Perthes Dz)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Indications for Arthrodesis? Which species?

A

> all species depending on jointi (eg. pancarpal/partial carpal and pantarsal/partial tarsal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

INdications for amputation? Which species?

A
  • dogs , cats (limbs, digits, tails)
  • limbs small caged aets
  • occasionally larger animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aims and goals of arthroplasty?

A
  • excision and replacemen both allow movement
  • replacement aims to remove pain and resotre/maintain normal ROM
  • excision removes pain and has altered ROM
  • load transfr mechanics differ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

INdications of femoral head and neck excision?

A
  • hip dysplasia (juvenile pain)
  • intractable OA/DJD
  • femoral head and neck fx/acetbular fx
  • persistent luxation
  • Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (avascular necrosis of the femoral head)
    > suitable all sizes of dogs, good results easier to achieve up to 30kg
  • some restriction in ROM will affect full athletic performance
  • surgical technique critical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Aftercare with FHNE? Outcome affected by?

A

> vital to outcome
- return to controlled exercise needed to encourage fibrosis
- analgese!!!
- physiotherapy/hydrotherapy
outcome affected by obesity, pre-operative muscle wastage, ther orthopaedic problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Outline surgial procedure of FHNE

A
  • remove head and neck
  • neck will cause impingement if left
  • leave greter trochanter, cut to lesser trochanter
  • fibrosis of the joint will occour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What replacement arthroplastys are available/

A
  • canine and feline hip
  • canine stifle
  • canine elbow
  • canine hock?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which dogs are best indicated for total hip arthroplasty (THA) )Hiip replacement) Price and results?

A
  • can be done in any dog
  • trypically large, active, working dogs
  • any time AFTER skeletal maturity
  • outcome influenced by obesity and other orthopaedic problems
  • expensive but good results - Gold standard
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ideal patient for hp replacmeent?

A
  • painful hip non-responsive to medication
  • large breed dog
  • previously active lifestyle
  • sensible, well-trained dog
  • compliant owners that are committed!!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is hip dysplasia an indication for hip replacement?

A

Not necessarily!

- 75% managed medically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pros and cons comparing Total Hip Replacmeent and FHNE? LOOK UP

A 
> Cost
- THR $4000
- FHNE $400-1500
> Complications 
- THR post-op luxation 
- FHNE low risk  
> Aftercare
- THR cage rest 6 weeks 
- FHNE activity encourae 
> Function 
- THR excellent
- FHNE reduced but often acceptabel in smaller animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which joints can be replaced?

A

Hip
Elbow
Knee

17
Q

Whats is involved in a total arthroplasty

A

-

18
Q

What is arthrodesis? What is the natural form of this?

A
  • artificial ankylosis

> ankylosis bodys pathological thing

19
Q

Indications for arthrodesis

A
  • intractible arthritis /joint pain
  • ## articular fx (unreconstructable)
20
Q

LEARN THIS - principles of arthrodesis

A
  • absolute stability (ideally through compression)
  • remove cartilage from contact areas
  • contour opposing joint surfaces
  • bone graft
    > osteogenesis - source of progenitor cells to grown bone
    > osteoconduction - scaffold
    > osteoinduction - mediators
  • fuse at a functional angle
  • external support? many dont
21
Q

Long term impliccations of arthrodesis?

A
  • long recovery may require transarticular support (ESF/cast)
  • implants mechanically vulnerable (may break or back out)
  • problems with high motion joints)
22
Q

Why may stifle arthrodesis cause problems?

A
  • long lever arm
  • high motion joint
    > catastrophic fx can occour
    > lots of risk of Cx!
23
Q

Indications for amputation?

A 
> neoplasia
- malignant/locally invasive
> trauma
- excessive tissue dmage/ischameia
> paralysis 
- brachial plexus avulsion (not plegia, check deep pain) 
> unmanageable joint conditions, intractable pain, congenital deformity
> client finances
24
Q

Considerations for amputations?

A
  • temprement
  • concurrent orthopeadic dz
  • owner
  • mechanically better to lose pelvic rather than thoracic limb
25
Q

Gait adaptation forces with amputation

A
  • If forelimb removed, higher forces act on the remaining forelimb
  • If hindlimb removed, same force acts on remaining hindlimb, forelimbs take most of the weight
26
Q

Potential amputation sites of the limbs SA?

A

> FL
- forequarter (good cosmetic and margins)
- mid. humerus (easier but withered stump)
HL
- mid/high femur
- transarticlar coxo-femoral [aware prepuce exposure]
- hemipelvectomy

27
Q

Which digits can be amputated?

A
  • PIP joint with cartilage removal in cattle
  • Distal P1 and P2 in smallies
  • careful dressing post surgery
28
Q

Risks of amputating digits?

A

Insertion of collaterals on 1st or 5th digit

- dont cut too high

29
Q

How much tail should be left for tail amputation?

A
  • cover perineum
30
Q

General principles of amputation

A
  • choose suitable margins of excision (NB. neoplasia)
  • local block + fresh scalpel for neurectomy
  • make sure its not possible for stump to get traumatised post-op
  • leave sufficient tissue to cover the stump
  • careful reconstruction of tissue to eliminate dead space
  • drain
31
Q

Signs that a limb is salvagable

A
  • distal pulse
  • cut nails short and look for quick bleeding
  • limb cold?
  • neurological status (deep pain)
  • time is your friend!! see if wound gets worse or better
32
Q

Pros and cons of amputation

A 
> pros 
- predictable, straightfoward
- minor Cx
- cost effective
- instant palliation of signs 
- short recovery 
> cons 
- worse balance? 
- temperament change? 
= knock-on effects of other joints/spine 
- phantom limb/neuropathic pain?
33
Q

2 main typeso f prosthesis?

A

> endo
- encorpoated into bone eg. ITAP
exoprosthesis
- stick on end of stump

34
Q

Define salvage

A
  • no going back procedure
35
Q

What should tx choice be based on?

A
  • cost (financial and morbidity to animal)
  • risk (success rate, complicatinos of op)
  • benefit ( predictablilty of return to function)
    > NB: animal, limb and joint outcome are not the same thing!!

Locomotor (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions