Orthodontic Assessment Flashcards
why do we need orthodontic assessment
determine if any malocclusion present
identify underlying causes
decide if treatment is indicated
when do we do orthodontic assessment
briefly at 9yrs
comprehensive exam at 11-12yrs
when older patients first present
if malocclusion develops later in life
what are the 6 things to consider with the ideal occlusion
molar relationship
crown angulation
crown inclination
no rotations
no spaces
flat occlusal planes
what do normal occlusions contain
minor deviations which do not cause aesthetic or functional problems
what are malocclusions
more significant deviations from ideal that are unsatisfactory
what are the conditions what are a contra indication to orthodontic treatment
allergy to nickel or latex
epilepsy/drugs
what habits should you ask the patient of during a history
thumb sucking
lower lip sucking
tongue thrust
chewing finger nails
what do we compare the patient to the parent for
malocclusion and growth potential
what are the 3 planes used for facial skeletal pattern examination
antero-posterior
vertical
transverse
what do we look for with antero posterior skeletal assessment
visual assessment
palpate skeletal bases
what is skeletal class 1
maxilla 2-3mm in front of mandible
what is skeletal class 2
maxilla more than 3mm in front of mandible
what is skeletal class 3
mandible in front of maxilla
how do you palpate the skeletal bases
place fingers in mouth to peel upper and lower lip back
what plane is used for vertical skeletal assessment
frankfort - mandibular planes angle (FMPA)
what is used to assess lateral skeletal assessment
mid sagittal reference line
what does it mean if lips are incompetent
do not touch with relaxed mentalis muscle
what are competent lips
lips that meet at rest with relaxed mentalis
what can a lip trap do to upper incisors
procline
what can a hyperactive lip do
retrocline lower incisors
what does a lower hyperactive lip indicate
likely instability at end of treatment
what is a tongue thrust on swallowing associated with
anterior open bite
what are the occlusal features of a sucking habit
proclination of upper anteriors
retroclination of lower anteriors
localised AOB or incomplete OB
narrow upper arch and unilateral posterior crossbite
what do you look for when examining the TMJ
path of closure, range of movement, pain, click from joint, deviation on opening, muscle tenderness
what does a mandibular displacement mean
discrepancy in RCP and ICP
what do we check for in intra oral examination
oral hygiene and periodontal health
count teeth from back
teeth of poor prognosis
assess crowding/spacing
inclination/angulation
palpate for canines if not erupted
note teeth of abnormal shape and size
what do we look for in the lower arch in intra oral exam
degree of crowding
rotations
inclination of canines
angulation of incisors to mandibular plane
what do we look for in the upper arch in intra oral exam
degree of crowding
rotations
inclination of canines
angulation of incisors to frankfort plane
what is the angulation of the frankfort plane to long axis of upper incisor
110 degrees
when the teeth are in occlusion what do we look for
incisor relationship
overjet
overbite/open bite
molar relationship
canine relationship
cross bites
centre lines
what are the different classifications of incisor relationships
class 1
class 2 div 1
class 2 div 2
class 3
what is a class 1 incisor relationship
lower incisor edges occlude with or lie immediately below the cingulum plateau of the upper central incisors
what is a class 2 div 1 incisor relationship
upper incisors are proclined or of average inclination and there is an increase in overjet
what is a class 2 div 2 incisor relationship
upper central incisors are retroclined. overjet is minimal or may be increased
what is a class 3 incisor relationship
lower incisor edges lie anterior to cingulum plateau of upper incisors, overjet is reduced or reversed
what are the buccal segment relationships
class 1 , class 2, class 3
cross bites
what special investigations are used in orthodontic assessment
OPT, maxillary anterior occlusal, lateral ceph
vitality tests, study models, photographs
what do we do with information gathered from orthodontic assessment
summarise important points
assess treatment needs
devise treatment aims if appropriate
plan treatment
