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Orthodontics > Orthodontic Assessment > Flashcards

Orthodontic Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

why do we need orthodontic assessment

A

determine if any malocclusion present
identify underlying causes
decide if treatment is indicated

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2
Q

when do we do orthodontic assessment

A

briefly at 9yrs
comprehensive exam at 11-12yrs
when older patients first present
if malocclusion develops later in life

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3
Q

what are the 6 things to consider with the ideal occlusion

A

molar relationship
crown angulation
crown inclination
no rotations
no spaces
flat occlusal planes

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4
Q

what do normal occlusions contain

A

minor deviations which do not cause aesthetic or functional problems

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5
Q

what are malocclusions

A

more significant deviations from ideal that are unsatisfactory

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6
Q

what are the conditions what are a contra indication to orthodontic treatment

A

allergy to nickel or latex
epilepsy/drugs

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7
Q

what habits should you ask the patient of during a history

A

thumb sucking
lower lip sucking
tongue thrust
chewing finger nails

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8
Q

what do we compare the patient to the parent for

A

malocclusion and growth potential

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9
Q

what are the 3 planes used for facial skeletal pattern examination

A

antero-posterior
vertical
transverse

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10
Q

what do we look for with antero posterior skeletal assessment

A

visual assessment
palpate skeletal bases

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11
Q

what is skeletal class 1

A

maxilla 2-3mm in front of mandible

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12
Q

what is skeletal class 2

A

maxilla more than 3mm in front of mandible

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13
Q

what is skeletal class 3

A

mandible in front of maxilla

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14
Q

how do you palpate the skeletal bases

A

place fingers in mouth to peel upper and lower lip back

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15
Q

what plane is used for vertical skeletal assessment

A

frankfort - mandibular planes angle (FMPA)

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16
Q

what is used to assess lateral skeletal assessment

A

mid sagittal reference line

17
Q

what does it mean if lips are incompetent

A

do not touch with relaxed mentalis muscle

18
Q

what are competent lips

A

lips that meet at rest with relaxed mentalis

19
Q

what can a lip trap do to upper incisors

A

procline

20
Q

what can a hyperactive lip do

A

retrocline lower incisors

21
Q

what does a lower hyperactive lip indicate

A

likely instability at end of treatment

22
Q

what is a tongue thrust on swallowing associated with

A

anterior open bite

23
Q

what are the occlusal features of a sucking habit

A

proclination of upper anteriors
retroclination of lower anteriors
localised AOB or incomplete OB
narrow upper arch and unilateral posterior crossbite

24
Q

what do you look for when examining the TMJ

A

path of closure, range of movement, pain, click from joint, deviation on opening, muscle tenderness

25
Q

what does a mandibular displacement mean

A

discrepancy in RCP and ICP

26
Q

what do we check for in intra oral examination

A

oral hygiene and periodontal health
count teeth from back
teeth of poor prognosis
assess crowding/spacing
inclination/angulation
palpate for canines if not erupted
note teeth of abnormal shape and size

27
Q

what do we look for in the lower arch in intra oral exam

A

degree of crowding
rotations
inclination of canines
angulation of incisors to mandibular plane

28
Q

what do we look for in the upper arch in intra oral exam

A

degree of crowding
rotations
inclination of canines
angulation of incisors to frankfort plane

29
Q

what is the angulation of the frankfort plane to long axis of upper incisor

A

110 degrees

30
Q

when the teeth are in occlusion what do we look for

A

incisor relationship
overjet
overbite/open bite
molar relationship
canine relationship
cross bites
centre lines

31
Q

what are the different classifications of incisor relationships

A

class 1
class 2 div 1
class 2 div 2
class 3

32
Q

what is a class 1 incisor relationship

A

lower incisor edges occlude with or lie immediately below the cingulum plateau of the upper central incisors

33
Q

what is a class 2 div 1 incisor relationship

A

upper incisors are proclined or of average inclination and there is an increase in overjet

34
Q

what is a class 2 div 2 incisor relationship

A

upper central incisors are retroclined. overjet is minimal or may be increased

35
Q

what is a class 3 incisor relationship

A

lower incisor edges lie anterior to cingulum plateau of upper incisors, overjet is reduced or reversed

36
Q

what are the buccal segment relationships

A

class 1 , class 2, class 3
cross bites

37
Q

what special investigations are used in orthodontic assessment

A

OPT, maxillary anterior occlusal, lateral ceph
vitality tests, study models, photographs

38
Q

what do we do with information gathered from orthodontic assessment

A

summarise important points
assess treatment needs
devise treatment aims if appropriate
plan treatment

Orthodontics (10 decks)

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