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Orthodontics > Aetiology of Malocclusion > Flashcards

Aetiology of Malocclusion Flashcards

1
Q

what are the general aetiological factors of malocclusion

A

skeletal/muscular/dentoalveolar

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2
Q

what are the skeletal factors of malocclusion

A

size, shape and relative positions of upper and lower jaws

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3
Q

what are the muscular factors of malocclusion

A

form and function of the muscles that surround the teeth

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4
Q

what are the dentoalveolar factors of malocclusion

A

size of teeth in relation to size of jaws

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5
Q

why does malocclusion result

A

due to disharmony between the components of the facial skeleton

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6
Q

what type of malocclusion is hereditary

A

class 3 occlusion

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7
Q

what are the possible environmental factors of skeletal variation

A

masticatory muscles, mouth breathing, head posture

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8
Q

what are the 3 views to consider when judging skeletal variation

A

antero-posterior
vertical
transverse

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9
Q

what is the skeletal relationship with a class 1 occlusion

A

mandible and maxilla related normally so that teeth erupt into class 1

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10
Q

how are lateral cephs made reproducible

A

due to cephalostat

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11
Q

what is a lateral ceph

A

standardised lateral radiograph of the face and base of skull

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12
Q

how are lateral cephs analysed

A

either hand traced onto paper or digitised using a computer

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13
Q

what is SNA in eastman analysis

A

maxilla to anterior cranial base

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14
Q

what is SNB in eastman analysis

A

mandible to anterior cranial base

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15
Q

what is ANB in eastman analysis

A

mandible to maxilla

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16
Q

what is the antero-posterior relationship in a class 2 occlusion

A

mandible placed posteriorly to maxilla

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17
Q

what causes the class 2 antero posterior relationship

A

mandible too small/maxilla too large
normal sized mandible but placed too far back (obtuse cranial base angle)

18
Q

what is the antero-posterior relationship in a class 3 occlusion

A

mandible placed anteriorly relatively to maxilla

19
Q

what causes the class 3 antero-posterior relationship

A

maxilla too small/mandible too large or both
normal sized jaw but acute cranial bae angle

20
Q

what is dento-alveolar compensation

A

when dento-alveolar structures disguise skeletal discrepancies by inclining teeth towards position of soft tissue balance

21
Q

in severe class 3 malocclusion what is the dento-alveolar compensation

A

proclined upper incisors
retroclined lower incisors

22
Q

what is the frankfurt plane

A

lower orbital rim to superior border of external auditory meatus

23
Q

what is the mandibular plane

A

lower border of mandible

24
Q

where do the mandibular and frankfurt plane meet?

A

external occipital protuberance

25
Q

how do you measure upper anterior face height

A

brow ridge to base of nose

26
Q

how do you measure lower anterior face height

A

base of nose to inferior aspect of chin

27
Q

what is the average ratio of lower anterior face height to upper anterior face height

A

50%

28
Q

what is the average value of frankfurt mandibular plane angle

A

27 degrees

29
Q

with a long facial type what is the proportion of LAFH to TAFH

A

> 55%

30
Q

what are the features of long facial type

A

steeply inclined mandibular plane
backward mandibular growth rotation
anterior open bite

31
Q

what is the proportion of LAFH to TAFH in short facial type

A

<55%

32
Q

what are the features of short facial type

A

tendency to parallelism of jaws
forward mandibular growth rotation
deep overbite tendency

33
Q

what does arch width discrepancies cause

A

unilateral or bilateral buccal segment cross bites

34
Q

where does mandibular displacement occur

A

where inter-arch width discrepancy causes upper and lower posterior teeth to meet cusp to cusp

35
Q

what happens to the mandible with mandibular displacement

A

it deviates to one side to achieve position of inter cuspation

36
Q

what is the dental cause of facial symmetries

A

displacement of normal mandible due to unilateral cross bite

37
Q

what is true mandibular asymmetry

A

hemi-mandibular hyperplasia/elongation
condylar hyperplasia

38
Q

what is dento-alveolar disproportion

A

discrepancy between size of teeth and jaws

39
Q

what is crowding caused by

A

small jaws and normal sized teeth
large teeth

40
Q

what is spacing caused by

A

large jaws and normal sized teeth
small teeth

Orthodontics (10 decks)

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