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orthodontics > Interceptive Orthodontics > Flashcards

Interceptive Orthodontics Flashcards

1
Q

describe the mouth at birth

A

gum pads
upper arch rounded
lower arch U shaped
appear class 2
AOB

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2
Q

what is the age span of deciduous eruption

A

6 months - 2.5yrs

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3
Q

what is the order of eruption

A

a b d c e
lowers before uppers

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4
Q

describe deciduous teeth

A

incisors more upright
spaced
wear

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5
Q

what happens to neo-natal teeth

A

abnormal dental development
lower incisors present at birth
extraction if mobile/difficulty breastfeeding

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6
Q

what are the 3 phases of eruption

A

pre eruptive
eruptive
post eruptive

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7
Q

what is the pre eruptive phase

A

when crown starts to form and ends when crown formation complete/root formation about to start

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8
Q

what is the eruptive phase

A

starts as soon as root starts to form and ends when teeth reach occlusal plane

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9
Q

what are the 2 parts of the eruptive stage

A

intra osseous and extra osseous

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10
Q

what is the post-eruptive phase

A

tooth movement/eruption continues as root forms and throughout life

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11
Q

describe the pre eruptive phase

A

crowns move in jaws
mesial and distal tooth movements

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12
Q

what do developing crowns reposition themselves in response to

A

growing length , width and height of jaws

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13
Q

how does the position of deciduous and permanent teeth change

A

due to eruption of deciduous teeth and increase in height of surrounding alveolar bone

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14
Q

how does movement of eruptive teeth occur

A

in response to positional changes of neighbouring crowns
growth of mandible and maxilla
resorption of deciduous tooth roots

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15
Q

what is the intra osseous eruptive phase

A

root formation
movement of developing tooth in occlusal direction
reduced enamel epithelial fuses with oral epithelium

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16
Q

what is the extra osseous eruptive phase

A

penetration of tooths crown tip through epithelial layers
crowns continued movement through mucosa in occlusal direction until contact point

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17
Q

what determines the final tooth position

A

environmental factors like muscle forces from cheeks, lips and tongue

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18
Q

what is the eruption pathway

A

an area where dental follicle degeneration occurs during intra osseous eruption

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19
Q

what is the gubernacular cord

A

fibres formed from the dental follicle in periphery of eruption pathway

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20
Q

why does post eruptive movement occur

A

in response to increased height of growing alveolar bone and jaws
in response to abrasion and attrition
in response to loss of opposing teeth

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21
Q

what does proximal surface tooth wear lead to

A

mesial drift

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22
Q

what causes teeth to erupt

A

root formation
remodelling of alveolar bone
development of periodontal ligament

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23
Q

what are the roles of the dental follicle

A

initiate resorption of bone overlying tooth
facilitate connective tissue degradation
create eruption pathway
promote alveolar bone growth
provide traction forces within PDL
contribute to root formation

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24
Q

when should a deciduous tooth be extracted for a permanent tooth to be encouraged to erupt

A

one half to two thirds root development of permanent tooth

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25
Q

what is interceptive orthodontics

A

any procedure that will reduce or eliminate the severity of a developing malocclusion

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26
Q

when is interception needed in the early mixed dentition

A

impacted 6s
potential crowding
early loss of deciduous teeth
carious 6s
cross bites
transposed teeth
habits

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27
Q

when do 6s erupt

A

6 years

28
Q

when do 1s erupt

A

7 years

29
Q

when do 2s erupt

A

8 years

30
Q

when do 4s erupt

A

10 years

31
Q

when do 3s and 5s erupt

A

11-12

32
Q

when do 7s erupt

A

12-13

33
Q

how is space gained for the permanent dentition

A

increase in intercanine width through lateral growth of jaws
upper incisors erupt onto wider arc (more proclined)
leeway space

34
Q

what should the leeway space on the upper arch be

A

1 to 1.5mm

35
Q

what should the leeway space on the lower arch be

A

2 to 2.5mm

36
Q

how do you work out leeway space

A

primary canine, first molar and second molar

minus

permanent canine, first premolar and second premolar

37
Q

when should a diastema close

A

if it is <2.5mm

38
Q

what are the factors of development of mixed dentition

A

sequence
symmetry
chronological guidelines

39
Q

how do you manage an impacted first permanent molar

A

if patient less than 7 then wait six months
orthodontic separator
distalise first molar
extract E
distal disking of E

40
Q

how can unerupted central incisors occur

A

supernumeraries
trauma to primary tooth causing dilaceration of permanent tooth
pathology

41
Q

how do you assess an unerupted central incisor

A

take a case history regarding trauma
extra oral
intra oral - palpate labially and palatally
is primary tooth present and mobile/discoloured
radiograph

42
Q

how do you manage an unerupted central incisor

A

remove primary teeth and supernumeraries
create space
monitor for 12 months
expose/bond gold chain

43
Q

what does early loss of deciduous teeth cause

A

localised crowding

44
Q

what does localised crowding effect vary with

A

degree of crowding present already
age
arch
tooth

45
Q

what is balancing extraction

A

removal of a tooth from opposite side of same arch

46
Q

why do we balance extractions

A

maintain position of dental centreline

47
Q

what is compensating extraction

A

removal of a tooth from opposing quadrant

48
Q

why do we compensate extraction

A

maintain buccal occlusion

49
Q

how do we manage early loss of c’s

A

balance extraction

50
Q

how do we manage early loss of e’s

A

consider space maintainer

51
Q

what does a removable space maintainer consist of

A

adams clasp on 6s
labial bow
southend clasps
baseplate
mesial stop if required

52
Q

what does a fixed space maintainer consist of

A

palatal and lingual arches
band and loop

53
Q

when do we assess first molars

A

8-9 years

54
Q

what is the decision to extract poor prognosis first molars based on

A

age of patient/stage of dental development
degree of crowding
malocclusion type
condition of other teeth
LA/GA

55
Q

what is required for the best result when extracting first molars

A

7s bifurcation calcifying
8s present
class 1
moderate lower crowding
mild/moderate upper crowding

56
Q

when extracting 6s what else should we extract

A

if lower 6 then take upper 6
if upper dont take lower

57
Q

when do we treat a posterior unilateral cross bite

A

displacement on closure >2mm
index of orthodontic treatment need is 4c

58
Q

what is on URA when fixing a posterior unilateral cross bite

A

hyrax screw for active component
adams clasp
base plate with post

59
Q

what are instructions to patient with URA

A

wear full time
keep teeth and URA clean
brush after eating
use mouthwash daily
avoid sugary food and drinks
remove for sports
speech affected initially
excess salivation

60
Q

what do we assess with anterior cross bites

A

displacement
mobility of lower incisor
tooth wear
gingival recession

61
Q

what is used on a URA for anterior cross bites

A

z spring

62
Q

what occurs once treatment has been given for anterior cross bite

A

over bite

63
Q

how do you manage a digit habit

A

positive reinforcement
bitter nail varnish
glove on hand
habit breaker appliance

64
Q

what URA is used as a habit breaker appliance

A

one piece baseplate with single goal post

65
Q

how do you know if your patient is wearing their appliance

A

ask
did they walk in with it in
can they speak
suffering from saliva
take in and out easily
signs of wear
palatal signs - erythema
tooth moved
is active component active or passive
does it still fit

66
Q

when should we aim to stop habits by

A

before 9 years of age

orthodontics (10 decks)

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